The article provides a reassessment of Aristotle’s accounts of Socrates, which modern historians describe as one of the four main sources in solving the so-called Socratic problem. In the first part, the article returns to the grammatical distinction by which Aristotle mentions Socrates’ name. In the next part, it analyzes those places in Metaphysics and in Aristotle’s ethical writings that make mention of Socrates. In a more detailed fashion the structure of Aristotle’s Protrepticus, in which Socrates does not appear but his absence could be important for understanding Aristotle’s approach to philosophy, is then presented. In the last part, the article returns to the problem of the Sokratikoi logoi and asks whether Aristotle uses this term to mean a prose genre in which the fictional is mixed with the historical. These respective analyzes lead us to the conclusion that Aristotle worked freely with the character of Socrates, relying primarily on the representations of Socrates in Plato’s dialogues. Thus, Aristotle’s accounts do not help us in the reconstruction of Socrates’ historical attitudes. and Článok sa pokúša o prehodnotenie Aristotelových správ o Sókratovi, ktoré označujú moderní historici za jeden zo štyroch hlavných zdrojov pri riešení tzv. sókratovského problému. V prvej časti sa článok vracia ku gramatickému rozlíšeniu, ktorým Aristotelés uvádza Sókratovo meno. V ďalšej časti podrobuje analýze jednotlivé miesta v Metafyzike a v etických spisoch, ktoré sa zmieňujú o Sókratovi. Podrobnejšie sa pristavuje pri štruktúre Aristotelovho Protreptika, v ktorom Sókratés nevystupuje, ale jeho absencia by mohla byť významná pre pochopenie aristotelovského prístupu k filosofii. V poslednej časti sa vracia k problematike Sókratikoi logoi a kladie si otázku, či má Aristotelés na mysli pod týmto výrazom prozaický žáner, v ktorom sa mieša fiktívne s historickým. Jednotlivé analýzy vyúsťujú do záveru, že Aristotelés pracuje s postavou Sókrata voľne, opiera sa hlavne o obrazy Sókrata v Platónových dialógoch, takže Aristotelove správy nám nepomáhajú pri rekonštrukcii Sókratových historických postojov.
Placing Aristotle’s ethical works in dialogue with the work of G.E.M. Anscombe, this paper outlines a functional definition of emotions that describes a meta-theory for social-scientific research. Emotions are defined as what makes the thought and action of rational and political animals ethical., Tato práce uvádí dialog Aristotelovy etické práce do dialogu s prací GEM Anscombe. Tato práce nastiňuje funkční definici emocí, která popisuje meta-teorii pro sociálně vědecký výzkum. Emoce jsou definovány jako to, co dělá myšlení a jednání racionálních a politických zvířat etických., and Angela Chew
In this paper we establish the distribution of prime numbers in a given arithmetic progression $p \equiv l \hspace{4.44443pt}(\@mod \; k)$ for which $ap + b$ is squarefree.
We consider positional numeration system with negative base −β, as introduced by Ito and Sadahiro. In particular, we focus on arithmetical properties of such systems when β is a quadratic Pisot number. We study a class of roots β>1 of polynomials x2−mx−n, m≥n≥1, and show that in this case the set Fin(−β) of finite (−β)-expansions is closed under addition, although it is not closed under subtraction. A particular example is β=τ=12(1+5–√), the golden ratio. For such β, we determine the exact bound on the number of fractional digits appearing in arithmetical operations. We also show that the set of (−τ)-integers coincides on the positive half-line with the set of (τ2)-integers.
Arlenelepis harpiprioni gen. et sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea, Dilepididae) is described from the plumbeous ibis Harpiprion caerulescens (Vieillot) (Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae) in Province Concepción, Paraguay. This cestode is characterised by a very small body (not exceeding 5 mm in length) consisting of about 30 proglottides, musculo-glandular rostellar apparatus, rostellar hooks arranged in two regular rows, few testes (7-10 in number) situated mostly in a post-ovarian group but one testis pre-ovarian, a large oval cirrus sac reaching antiporal osmoregulatory canals, massive cirrus armed with needle-shaped and thorn-shaped spines, long convoluted vagina, and longitudinally elongate sacciform horseshoe-shaped uterus with deep lobes of the medial uterine wall. The new genus is unique among the family Dilepididae in possessing a rhynchus armed with conical spines.