Information retrieval systems depend on Boolean queries. Proposed evolution of Boolean queries should increase the performance of the information retrieval system. Information retrieval systems quality are measured in terms of two different criteria, precision and recall. Evolutionary techniques are widely applied for optimization tasks in different areas including the area of information retrieval systems. In information retrieval applications both criteria have been combined in a single scalar fitness function by means of a weighting scheme 'harmonic mean'. Usage of genetic algorithms in the Information retrieval, especially in optimizing a Boolean query, is presented in this paper. Influence of both criteria, precision and recall, on quality improvement are discussed as well.
It has been known for a long time that for bootstrapping the distribution of the extremes under the traditional linear normalization of a sample consistently, the bootstrap sample size needs to be of smaller order than the original sample size. In this paper, we show that the same is true if we use the bootstrap for estimating a central, or an intermediate quantile under power normalization. A simulation study illustrates and corroborates theoretical results.
This article analyses the processes of creating the township on the example of Borne Sulinowo, one of the youngest cities in Poland. The collapse of the communism in the Centre and Eastern Europe caused, that Poland had made efforts for the revitalization of areas occupied by Soviet armies. Borne Sulinowo, a small city located in the north-western Poland, suffered the same fate as desolation of its areas after the departure of the Soviet Army and anew settlement by the civil settlers. Issues brought up in the article are focusing on problems of the adaptation of the settlers to the new cultural environment, on shaping local bonds and on the degree of the identification with the new place of residence.
Changes in leaf growth, net photosynthetic rate (PN), incorporation pattern of photosynthetically fixed 14CO2 in leaves 1-4 from top, roots, and rhizome, and in essential oil and curcumin contents were studied in turmeric plants grown in nutrient solution at boron (B) concentrations of 0 and 0.5 g m-3. B deficiency resulted in decrease in leaf area, fresh and dry mass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and PN and total 14CO2 incorporated at all leaf positions, the maximum effect being in young growing leaves. The incorporation of 14CO2 declined with leaf position being maximal in the youngest leaf. B deficiency resulted in reduced accumulation of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids at all leaf positions. Translocation of the metabolites towards rhizome and roots decreased. In rhizome, the amount of amino acids increased but content of organic acids did not show any change, whereas in roots there was decrease in contents of these metabolites as a result of B deficiency. Photoassimilate partitioning to essential oil in leaf and to curcumin in rhizome decreased. Although the curcumin content of rhizome increased due to B deficiency, the overall rhizome yield and curcumin yield decreased. The influence of B deficiency on leaf area, fresh and dry masses, CO2 exchange rate, oil content, and rhizome and curcumin yields can be ascribed to reduced photosynthate formation and translocation. and Deeksha Dixit, N. K. Srivastava, S. Sharma.
We investigated the renal response to direct renal nerve stimulation, 2 weeks following reversal of 24-h unilateral (left) ureteric obstruction. Renal nerve stimulation caused a 13-15 % fall in renal blood flow, in 4 groups of anesthetized rats following ureteric obstruction (n=9) or a sham operation (n=7) both with (n=9) and without (n=7) treatment with the mixed ETA/B receptor antagonist, bosentan. In the sham-operated rats, renal nerve stimulation did not change glomerular filtration rate but reduced urine flow rate (37±3 %, P<0.001), and absolute (38±4 %, P<0.001) and fractional (35±5 %, P<0.01) sodium excretion. Following unilateral ureteric obstruction, renal nerve stimulation increased glomerular filtration rate by 22±3 % (P<0.01), but reduced urine flow rate (14±2 %, P<0.001) and fractional sodium excretion (23±5 %, P<0.01). Bosentan treatment had no effect on baseline or renal responses to renal nerve stimulation in the sham group but normalized the renal response to renal nerve stimulation in the unilateral ureteric obstruction group. We conclude that 14 days after a 24-h period of unilateral ureteric obstruction there is an increase in GFR in response to direct renal nerve stimulation, which is due, in part, to the actions of endothelin at the time of obstruction., F. T. Hammad, A. M. Wheatley, G. Davis., and Obsahuje bibliografii