Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate. In order to understand the potential effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) on ecosystems, it is essential to determine the combined effects of drought and elevated Ca (EC) under field conditions. A severe drought occurred in Central Florida in 1998 when precipitation was 88 % less than the average between 1984 and 2002. We determined daytime net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) before, during, and after the drought in the Florida scrub-oak ecosystem exposed to doubled Ca in open-top chamber since May 1996. We measured diurnal leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN) of Quercus myrtifolia Willd, the dominant species, during and after the drought. Drought caused a midday depression in NEE and PN at ambient CO2 concentration (AC) and EC. EC mitigated the midday depression in NEE by about 60 % compared to AC and the effect of EC on leaf PN was similar to its effect on NEE. Growth in EC lowered the sensitivity of NEE to air vapor pressure deficit under drought. Thus EC would help the scrub-oak ecosystem to survive the consequences of the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on climate change, including increased frequency of drought, while simultaneously sequestering more anthropogenic carbon. and J. H. Li ... [et al.].
The first implementation phase of the ELI Beamlines project was concluded and the laser facility in Dolní Břežany was inaugurated on October 19, 2015 in the presence of many distinguished guests from the world of science and politics. The initial greetings were given by Czech and foreign guests, including the President of the Czech Academy of Sciences Jiří Drahoš, Director of the Institute of Physics Jan Řídký, the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic Milan Štěch, Archbishop of Prague Dominik cardinal Duka, Director General of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) Francesco Sette, Director General of the ELI-DC International Association Wolfgang Sandner, Chairman of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructure John Womersley, French physicist and founder of the ELI project Gérard Mourou, Deputy director for science and technology in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California Patricia Falcone. Guests were invited to see laser and experimental technologies directly in one of the laser halls. and Marina Hužvárová a Jana Olivová.
The article provides an analysis of Paul and Patricia Churchland’s eliminative materialism. I will distinguish two lines of argument in their eliminativism: one seeking to eliminate folk psychology and the second criticising Jerry Fodor’s language of thought hypothesis. Then I will closely examine the second line of argument, and show that it represents the main motive of Churchland’s work since the end of 1980s and demonstrate why the success of the argument against the language of thought hypothesis does not constitute a reason for the elimination of folk psychology. Finally, I will examine the consequences of this approach for the role of folk psychology in the study of mind and show that the weakened eliminativist position still fulfils the original aim of Churchland’s program. and Článek se věnuje rozboru eliminativního materialismu Paula a Patricie Churchlandových. V jejich eliminativismu rozliším dvě argumentační linie: jednu usilující o eliminaci lidové psychologie a druhou kritizující hypotézu jazyka myšlení Jerryho Fodora. Následně se blíže zaměřím na tuto druhou linii a ukáži, že představuje hlavní motiv práce Churchlandových od konce 80. let 20. století, a dále předvedu, proč úspěch argumentace proti hypotéze jazyka myšlení nezakládá důvod k eliminaci lidové psychologie. V závěru text přezkoumám důsledky tohoto přístupu pro roli lidové psychologie ve zkoumání mysli a ukazuje, že tato oslabená eliminativistická pozice stále naplňuje původní záměr programu Churchlandových.
The paper deals with semantic content of elliptic sentences and its relation to semantic content of the corresponding non-elliptic sentences. On the basis of certain kinds of examples it is shown that syntactic theories of ellipsis have serious limits. It is also demonstrated that the so-called Property Theory, which is an example of a semantic theory of ellipsis, bears serious limitations. Another semantic theory, namely that of Minimal Indexicalism, is analyzed thereafter. Theoretical tools of the theory - in particular, its criteria of linguistic expressions identity and three layers of content - that are vital to its handling of ellipsis are discussed in some detail. Finally, a new theory of ellipsis based on Transparent Intensional Logic is proposed and argued for., Příspěvek se zabývá sémantickým obsahem eliptických vět a jeho vztahem k sémantickému obsahu odpovídajících eliptických vět. Na základě určitých druhů příkladů se ukazuje, že syntaktické teorie elips mají vážné limity. Je také prokázáno, že takzvaná teorie vlastností, která je příkladem sémantické teorie elips, nese vážné omezení. Následně je analyzována další sémantická teorie, a to teorie minimálního indexismu. Teoretické nástroje teorie - zejména její kritéria identity jazykových výrazů a tří vrstev obsahu - které jsou nezbytné pro její zvládnutí elipsy, jsou podrobně diskutovány. Nakonec je navržena a argumentována nová teorie elipsy založená na transparentní intenzivní logice., and Miloš Kosterec