The objective of this paper is to simulate flow frequency distribution curves for Amazon catchments with the aim of scaling power generation from small hydroelectric power plants. Thus, a simple nonlinear rainfall-runoff model was developed with sigmoid-variable gain factor due to the moisture status of the catchment, which depends on infiltration, and is considered a factor responsible for the nonlinearity of the rainfall-runoff process. Data for a catchment in the Amazon was used to calibrate and validate the model. The performance criteria adopted were the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (R²), the RMS, the Q95% frequency flow percentage error, and the mean percentage errors ranging from Q5% to Q95%.. Calibration and validation showed that the model satisfactorily simulates the flow frequency distribution curves. In order to find the shortest period of rainfall-runoff data, which is required for applying the model, a sensitivity analysis was performed whereby rainfall and runoff data was successively reduced by 1 year until a 1.5-year model application minimum period was found. This corresponds to one hydrological year plus the 6-month long ''memory''. This analysis evaluates field work in the ungauged sites of the region. and Cieľom tohto príspevku je simulácia čiar rozdelenia prietokov pre povodia rieky Amazonka pre potreby hodnotenia premeny energie v malých hydroelektrárňach. Preto bol vyvinutý jednoduchý nelineárny zrážko-odtokový model so sigmoidálne sa meniacim zdrojovým faktorom v závislosti od obsahu vody v povodí, ktorý závisí od infiltrácie a je považovaný za faktor, spôsobujúci nelinearitu zrážkoodtokových procesov. Pre kalibráciu a validizáciu modelu boli použité údaje z povodí rieky Amazonka. Použili sme tieto hodnotiace kritériá: Nashov-Sutcliffov koeficient (R²), RMS, Q95%, chyba určenia odtoku v percentách, a priemerná percentuálna chyba v rozsahu od Q5% do Q95%. Kalibrácia a validizácia ukázala, že model simuluje čiary rozdelenia prietokov uspokojivo. Aby bolo možné nájsť najkratšie obdobie pre nájdenia závislosti zrážky - odtok, ktorá je potrebná pre aplikáciu v modeli, použili sme citlivostnú analýzu tak, že údaje zrážky - odtok boli postupne redukované o jeden rok, až kým nebolo nájdené minimálne obdobie pre aplikáciu vzťahu zrážky - odtok 1,5 roka. Toto obdobie zodpovedá jednému hydrologickému roku, plus 6 mesiacov dlhá ''pamäť''. Touto analýzou boli vyhodnotené výsledky terénnych meraní v oblastiach, kde neboli k dispozícii merania odtoku.
It is shown that there exist a continuous function f and a regulated function g defined on the interval [0,1] such that g vanishes everywhere except for a countable set, and the K *-integral of f with respect to g does not exist. The problem was motivated by extensions of evolution variational inequalities to the space of regulated functions.
In this paper a nonmonotone limited memory BFGS (NLBFGS) method is applied for approximately solving optimal control problems (OCPs) governed by one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations. A discretized optimal control problem is obtained by using piecewise linear finite element and well-known backward Euler methods. Afterwards, regarding the implicit function theorem, the optimal control problem is transformed into an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem (UNOP). Finally the obtained UNOP is solved by utilizing the NLBFGS method. In comparison to other existing methods, the NLBFGS method shows a significant improvement especially for nonlinear and ill-posed control problems.
In this paper we consider Neumann noncoercive hemivariational inequalities, focusing on nontrivial solutions. We use the critical point theory for locally Lipschitz functionals.
We investigate a relation about subadditivity of functions. Based on subadditivity of functions, we consider some conditions for continuous t-norms to act as the weakest t-norm TW-based addition. This work extends some results of Marková-Stupňanová [15], Mesiar [18].
In this paper, we give the mapping theorems on $\aleph $-spaces and $g$-metrizable spaces by means of some sequence-covering mappings, mssc-mappings and $\pi $-mappings.
In this paper, the relationships between metric spaces and $g$-metrizable spaces are established in terms of certain quotient mappings, which is an answer to Alexandroff’s problems.
In this note we study finite $p$-groups $G=AB$ admitting a factorization by an Abelian subgroup $A$ and a subgroup $B$. As a consequence of our results we prove that if $B$ contains an Abelian subgroup of index $p^{n-1}$ then $G$ has derived length at most $2n$.
In this note we give an answer to a problem of Gheorghiță Zbăganu that arose from the study of the properties of the moments of the iterates of the integrated tail operator.