Cíl: Cílem výzkumu bylo popsat, jak vnímají a prožívají svou kvalitu života senioři s infekční tuberkulózou, jejíž léčba je dlouhodobá a součástí léčebných opatření je izolace ve zdravotnickém zařízení. Metody: Byla zvolena kvalitativní výzkumná metoda. Pro sběr dat byl použit nestandardizovaný rozhovor. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 8 pacientů starších 65 let (s diagnózou infekční tuberkulóza) hospitalizovaných ve vybraných zdravotnických zařízeních oboru Pneumologie a ftizeologie a jeden rodinný příslušník pacienta. Rozhovory s respondenty byly realizovány v různém časovém období léčby tuberkulózy. Na základě kvalitativní analýzy dat byly vytvořeny 4 hlavní kategorie kvality života: 1. Prožívání nemoci v oblasti psychické, 2. Prožívání nemoci v oblasti fyzické, 3. Prožívání nemoci v oblasti sociální a 4. Životní hodnoty, názory. Výsledky: Z analýzy rozhovorů vyplynulo, že tuberkulóza je pro seniory stigmatizující chorobou, má negativní vliv na vlastní prožívání a vnímání kvality ţivota. Zhoršené vnímání kvality života je způsobeno více faktory, především skutečností, že mohli nakazit své blízké infekční chorobou. Mezi nejčastější emoce, které respondenti prožívali, patřily strach, úzkost, pocit zahanbení a viny, pocity osamělosti s beznadějí a pocity méněcennosti. Závěr: Problém geriatrické tuberkulózy je významný, neboť se jedná o potenciální zdroje tuberkulózní infekce ve zdravotnických zařízeních a v pobytových zařízeních sociální péče. Je proto důležité, aby si odborníci pečující o seniory uvědomovali existenci problémů při diagnostice a léčbě tuberkulózy., Aims: The aim of the research was to describe how the elderly with infectious tuberculosis, whose treatment is long-term matter and component of therapeutic measure is isolation in health care facility, perceive and experience their quality of life. Methods: A qualitative research method was chosen. For data collection was used non-standardized interview. The research file consisted of 8 patients over 65 years of age (diagnosed with infectious tuberculosis) hospitalized in selected health care facilities of pneumology and phthisiology and one family member of the patient. Interviews with respondents were conducted in different time periods of treatment of tuberculosis. Based on qualitative data analysis were created 4 major categories of quality of life: 1. Experiencing the illness in the area of psychic, 2. Experiencing the illness in the area of physical, 3. Experiencing the illness in the area of social and 4. Life values, beliefs. Results: The analysis of interviews revealed that tuberculosis is for the elderly stigmatizing disease, has a negative effect on their own experiencing and perception of quality of life. Deteriorated perception of quality of life is caused by several factors, primarily by the fact, that they could have infected their loved ones with infectious disease. The most common emotions experienced by respondents included fear, anxiety, feel of shame and guilt, feelings of loneliness with despair and feelings of inferiority. Conclusion: The problem of geriatric tuberculosis is significant because it is a potential source of tuberculous infection in health care facilities and in residential social care facilities. It is therefore important that professionals caring for the elderly realize the existence of problems in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis., Jarmila Siverová, Radka Bužgová, and Literatura 16
V kazuistice je popsán průběh onemocnění 55letého nemocného s neuroendokrinním tumorem a postižením jater, pankreatu, mezenteria, tenkého střeva a mediastina. Léčba spočívala v podávání analog somatostatinu a při progresi onemocnění byla přidána léčba sunitinibem., Case history of 55 years old man with neuroendocrine tumor of liver, pankreas, mesentery, small intestine and mediastinum is decribed. The treatment started with somatostatin analogs. The treatment with sunitinib was added due to progression of disease., Hana Šiffnerová, and Literatura 4
Cíl studie: Vyhodnotit přínos interleukinu-6 u těžké akutní pankreatitidy pro odlišení sterilní nekrózy (SN) a nekrózy infikované (IN). Typ studie: Retrospektivní deskriptivní observační studie série případů. Metody: Ve vlastní práci bylo zahrnuto 59 pacientů hospitalizovaných s těžkou akutní pankreatitidou (Atlantská klasifikace 1992) na chirurgickém oddělení Nemocnice Písek v průběhu sedmi let. Pravidelně byly vyšetřovány C-reaktivní protein (CRP) a interleukin-6 (IL-6), přičemž dostatečná data byla u 42 pacientů: 14 s IN (průkaz mikrobiologicky či dle CT), 28 se SN. Statistické vyhodnocení pomocí Fisherova testu a chí-kvadrát testu. Výsledky: Byla nalezena statisticky významná diskriminační schopnost denních průměrů IL-6 5. a 6., resp. 7. a 8. den hospitalizace mezi IN a SN (p=0,0014 pro den 5 a 6, resp. p=0,0009 pro den 7 a 8). Rozvoj IN reálně nastával nejčastěji mezi 5. a 9. dnem (mikrobiologický průkaz agens či nepochybné CT známky infekce). CRP tuto schopnost diskriminace neprokázalo, jeho hladiny byly od 2. do 8. dne setrvale výrazně zvýšeny. Charakteristický byl průběh koncentrací IL-6, kdy vstupně byla přítomna výrazná elevace nezávislá na pozdějším rozvoji IN a již od druhého dne hospitalizace došlo k výraznému poklesu. K dalšímu vzestupu IL-6 došlo pouze u pacientů s rozvojem IN. Pro cut-off (diskriminace IN a SN) IL-6 (platný od 5. dne hospitalizace) 100 ng/l bylo p<0,005, pro 150 ng/l p<0,01. Závěr: Interleukin-6 v naší retrospektivní studii prokázal statisticky významnou schopnost diskriminovat infikovanou a sterilní nekrózu u těžké akutní pankreatitidy. Překročení cut-off IL-6 od 5. dne hospitalizace svědčilo pro přítomnost infikované nekrózy. Cut-off 100 ng/l diskriminoval obdobně (p<0,005, senzitivita 100 %, specificita 92 %) jako cut-off 150 ng/l (p<0,01, senzitivita 87 %, specificita 100 %)., Objective: Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the contribution of interleukin-6 in severe acute pancreatitis. Mortality of severe acute pancreatitis ranges from 10-20% (for sterile necrosis, SN) to 20-85% (infected necrosis, IN). Resolution of SN and IN is clinically very important, but often difficult and therefore they are still searching for new laboratory markers for their differentiation. Design: Retrospective descriptive observational study of cases series. Methods: 59 patients hospitalized with severe acute pancreatitis (Atlanta classification 1992) in the surgery department of Hospital Písek in the 2000-2006 were included. Regularly they were investigated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6), sufficient data was in 42 patients: 14 with IN (identified microbiologically or according to computed tomography, CT), 28 with SN. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher‘s test and chi-square test. Results: There was found statistically significant discriminatory ability of daily averages of IL-6 5th and 6th + 7th and 8th day of hospitalization between the IN and SN (p = 0.0014 for day 5 and 6, respectively. p = 0.0009 for day 7 and 8). Developing IN realistically set in the most between 5th and 9th day (needle biopsy with identification of microbiological agents or CT signs of infection). The ability of CRP to discriminate SN and IN was not found, the levels were between 2nd to 8th days increased steadily. The run of the concentrations of IL-6 was characteristic, where at the admission there was present significant elevation irrespective of subsequent development of IN and from the second day of hospitalization it decreased significantly. Further increase in IL-6 was present only in patients with the development of IN. For the cut-off (discrimination of SN and IN) for IL-6 (valid from 5th of hospitalization) 100 ng/L was P<0.005, for 150 ng/L P<0.01. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 in our retrospective study showed a statistically significant ability to discriminate between infected and sterile necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis. For the cut-off of IL-6 effective from 5th day of hospitalization 100 ng/L was P <0.005, for 150 ng/L was P<0.01., and Malina P., Cejp V., Jabor A.
Autoři ve svém příspěvku uvádějí první výsledky šetření, které bylo zaměřeno na zjištění hmotností školních tašek chlapců a dívek 1. a 2. tříd základních škol v olomouckém regionu. Celkem byla zjištěna hmotnost u 502 školních tašek, změřeno 502 dětí (263 dívek a 239 chlapců). Z výsledků měření je zřejmé, že hmotnost tašky se zvyšuje s postupem žáků do vyšší třídy. Největší rozdíl mezi minimální a maximální hodnotou hmotnosti tašky byl zjištěn u 8letých dívek, činil 8,9 kg. Výsledky ukázaly, že procentuální podíl hmotnosti tašky doporučeným 10 % tělesné hmotnosti dítěte odpovídal pouze u 17,5 % dětí. 82,5 % dětí pak nosí aktovky těžké (10–20 %), přičemž 18,3 % dětí nosí aktovky o hmotnosti nad 20 % své tělesné hmotnosti, což už lze považovat za extrémně těžké. Nepřiměřená hmotnost školní tašky pak může ovlivňovat držení těla a výskyt bolesti zad., Effects of the weights of school bags carried by pupils from the first two classes of primary schools in the Olomouc region (502 schoolbags belonging to 263 girls and 239 boys) on the pupils’ posture were examined. The weight of the schoolbags of pupils from the 2nd year class was found to be higher than of pupils in the first year. The greatest difference between minimum and maximum weights (8.9 kilograms) was detected in the schoolbags of 8 year old girls. Only 17.5% of children carried bags that were within the recommended 10% of the child’s body weight. Thus, 82.5% of the children carry heavier bags and 18.3% of these pupils carry extremely heavy bags (over 20% of their body weight).We conclude that the excessive weight of school bags contributes to poor posture and backache amongst these children., Hana Kabátová, Miroslav Kopecký, Dana Strnisková, Jitka Tomanová, and Literatura 5
The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipoor aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga traced from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result., Mirzahmedov M. M., Ahmedov M. A., Sapaev D. A., and Literatura
Few studies concerning the importance of wheat allergy affecting the course of atopic eczema in adolescents and adult patients exist. Aim: The evaluation if wheat allergy can deteriorate the course of atopic eczema. Follow-up of patients with confirmed food allergy to wheat. Method: Altogether 179 persons suffering from atopic eczema were included in the study: 51 men and 128 women entered the study with an average age of 26.2 (s.d. 9.5 years) Dermatological and allergological examinations were performed, including skin prick tests, atopy patch tests, and specific serum IgE for wheat, open exposure test and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge test with wheat flour. Results: Wheat allergy affecting the coures of atopic eczema was confirmed in eight patients (4.5%) out of 179 patients enrolled in this study by double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test. The course of atopic eczema showed a positive trend in patients with confirmed food allergy at 3, 6, 9, 12 month follow-up (statistical evaluation with paired t-test) after the elimination of wheat flour. Conclusion: Wheat allergy may play an important role in the worsening of atopic eczema (acting as a triggering exacerbating factor) only in a minority of adolescents and adult patients (4.5% in our study). The diagnostic methods (skin prick test, specific IgE, atopy patch test, history) cannot be used as separated tests for the determination of food allergy to wheat in patients with atopic eczema.Open exposure tests and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge should be used for the confirmation of wheat allergy affecting the course of atopic eczema., Jarmila Čelakovská, Květuše Ettlerová, Karel Ettler, Jaroslava Vaněčková, Josef Bukač, and Literatura 34
Competencies develop and changes throughout a persons life, they can gain or lose, going through various age stages. Their development does not end in youth, but continue on through the adult life. The ability to thing and reflect those thoughts specifically come forward in the center of structure of competency, which grows at the same time as the individual matures. One of the competency types is health competency. Health competency is a relatively new concept; it is not sufficiently researched. Aim of the study was to determine the factors of an adult individual health competency. 827 respondents participated in the study, in the processing of data was used SPSS. Was used factor analysis, analysis of variance with ANOVA and KruskalWallis test and Pearsons correlation. It was found that health competency is affected by several factors. These are: health education, health behavior, and the value of the environment. Each of the sets was distributed to key factors. It is the main factors affecting the health competence, but additional factors are: gender, education and income., Inara Upmale, Andrejs Geske, and Literatura
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress inadequate immune response. Psoriasis is recognized as a T -cell driven immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disease with skin manifestation. Effective therapeutical approach to treat psoriasis is Goeckerman therapy (GT ). The aim of this study was to compare the number of Treg in the peripheral blood of 27 psoriatic patients and 19 controls and to evaluate the influence of GT on Treg population in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis. There was no significant difference in the relative number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of healthy blood donors and patients with psoriasis before initiation of GT (P = 0.2668). In contrary, the relative number of Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis after GT was significantly higher than those found in healthy blood donors (P = 0.0019). Moreover, the relative number of Treg is significantly increased in psoriatic patients after Goeckerman therapy compared to the pre-treatment level (P = 0.0042). In conclusion, this significant increase in Treg count after GT is probably associated with amelioration of inflammation by GT , as disease activity expressed as PASI decreased in our patients by GT (P = 0.0001)., Kateřina Kondělková, Doris Vokurková, Jan Krejsek, Lenka Borská, Zdeněk Fiala, Květa Hamáková, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 39
Cíl: Cílem studie je stanovit prevalenci chronického selhání ledvin u 101 pacientů s monoklonální gamapatií neurčeného významu (MGUS). Typ studie: retrospektivní studie. Materiál a metody: Porovnali jsme glomerulární filtraci odhadovanou ze sérového kreatininu a cystatinu C a hodnotili jsme korelaci mezi koncentrací volných lehkých řetězců v séru a funkcí ledvin. U všech pacientů jsme provedli elektroforézu pro - teinů séra s denzitometrickou kvantifikací monoklonálního imunoglobulinu a změřili jsme koncentraci kreatininu, cystatinu C, volných lehkých řetězců kappa a lambda, β 2 mikroglobulinu. Výsledky: Chronické selhání ledvin jsme nalezli u 38,6 % pacientů na základě odhadu ze sérového cystatinu C a u 34,6 % pacientů na základě odhadu ze sérového kreatininu. B2mikroglobulin má největší počet významných korelací; cystatin C (0,90), CysC GFR (-0,69), Kreatinin (0,70), MDRD GFR (-0,60), MIg koncentrace (0,24), κ FLC (0,22) λ FLC (0,34) a věk (0,40). Tento velký počet korelací lze vysvětlit tím, že β 2mikroglobulin odráží jak zátěž organismu maligními buňkami, tak pokles glomerulární filtrace. Závěr: Chronické selhání ledvin jsme nalezli u 38,6 % pacientů při odhadu glomerulární filtrace z cystatinu C a u 34,6 % při odhadu ze sérového kreatininu. Třída monoklonálního imunoglobulinu může mít vliv na výsledky odhadu glomerulární filtrace ze sérového cystatinu C, odhad glomerulární filtrace ze sérového kreatininu není ovlivněn třídou imunoglobulinu. Diabetici neměli statisticky signifikantně nižší glomerulární filtraci než pacienti bez diabetu mellitu., Background: Renal function is more frequently decreased in patients with monoclonal gammopathy. 10 % of patients with multiple myeloma present with acute renal failure and renal function is included in CRAB criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of chronic renal failure (CRF), defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 1.0 ml/s/1.73m 2 , in 101 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Design: retrospective study Material and methods: We compared GFR estimates from serum creatinine (MDRD GFR) and serum cystatin C (CysC GFR) and looked at the correlation between free light chains (FLC) concentration and renal markers. We performed serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) with quantification of monoclonal intact immunoglobulin (MIg) and measured serum creatinine, cysta - tin C, κ and λ FLC and β 2microglobulin in all patients. Results: We found CRF in 38.6% patients using estimation from serum cystatin C and 34.6 % using estimation from serum creatinine. B2microglobulin has the highest number of significant correlations; cystatin C (0.90), CysC GFR (-0.69), crea - tinine (0.70), MDRD GFR (-0.60), MIg concentration (0.24), κ FLC (0.22) λ FLC (0.34) and age (0.40). The best correlation results may be explained by the fact that β 2microglobulin reflects both malignant cells burden and renal function. Conclusions: We found CRF in 38.6 % MGUS patients using estimation from serum cystatin C and in 34.6 % using estima - tion from serum creatinine. The class of monoclonal immunoglobulin may influence results of glomerular filtration estimated from cystatin C but it does not influence GFR estimated from creatinine. Diabetic patients had not significantly lower GFR than patients without diabetes mellitus., Šálek T., Moravčíková D., Humpolíček P., Tichý M., Palička V., and Literatura