Background: We have analyzed the aged population disability processes to establish specifics and regularities of the causal structure of disability among the working and nonworking aged population. Methods: In total, 1208 examination reports of the Medical & Social Expert Commission have been subjected to excerption in Almaty. Results: Persons having the second disability status prevail in the working aged contingent 4,4%, which is much higher than the ratios for the first and second disability statuses (0,4% and 0,6%, respectively). Among the nonworking population, persons having the second disability status largely prevail too 8,1% (3,1% and 1,1%, respectively). The casual structure of disability among the nonworking disabled persons includes as follows: blood circulatory system diseases (40%), malignant neoplasms (27,2%), and diseases of the eye and its appendages (10,2%). They are followed by endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disturbances (7,6%), bodily injuries (3%), and urogenital system diseases with musculoskeletal system ones 2,3% each. The data collection for the working aged population contingent has found out blood circulatory system diseases (47%) and malignant neoplasms (34,4%). Alongside with that, the distinctive feature among the said aged population cohort is a substantial predominance of bodily injuries (7,4%), endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disturbances (2,3%), and only 1,4% is accounted for diseases of the eye and its appendages., Akmaral K. Abikulova, Kazbek A. Tulebaev, Aikan A. Akanov, Botagoz S. Turdalieva, Sundetgali B. Kalmahanov, Mussaeva A. Bakhit, Aldamzharova K. Madina, and Literatura
Cílem studie bylo zhodnotit sluchové ztráty pedagogů mateřských škol, které by mohly souviset s expozicí hluku, který vzniká v dětském kolektivu. Kvalita sluchového prahu byla vyšetřována pomocí tónového audiometru. K získání důležitých anamnestických dat byl používán předem sestavený dotazník. Celý soubor byl rozdělen na tři skupiny, podle délky praxe. Sluchová ostrost byla hodnocena pomocí průměrných ztrát sluchu na vyšetřovaných frekvencích (125–8000 Hz), srovnáním s normou ČSN EN ISO 7029 a pomocí procentuálních ztrát sluchu dle Fowlera. Ve srovnání s normou nebyly zjištěny u pedagogů mateřských škol významně vyšší ztráty. Sluchový práh se zhoršoval s délkou praxe (bez adjustace na věk), nejvýrazněji na vysokých frekvencích (6–8 kHz). Výsledné audiogramy neodpovídají ztrátám sluchu z profesionální expozice hluku, ale procesům stárnutí sluchového aparátu vlivem věku. Z nespecifických účinků hluku se u pedagogů vyskytovala únava (71 %), porucha soustředění (66 %), bolest hlavy (61 %) a stres (58 %). Zažívací obtíže byly zaznamenány u 30 %, vysoký tlak u 25 % respondentů., The aim of the study was to evaluate hearing loss in nursery school teachers as potentially related to occupational noise exposure from children. The quality of the auditory threshold was measured using a tone audiometer. A questionnaire was used to obtain important anamnestic data. The whole set was divided into three groups according to length of practice. Hearing acuity was assessed using average hearing loss at investigated frequencies (125–8000 Hz), compared to ČSN EN ISO 7029 standard and using the hearing loss percentage according to Fowler. Compared to existing norms no significant cases of hearing loss were detected among nursery school teachers. The auditory threshold deteriorated length of practice (without adjustment for age), most significantly at high frequencies (6–8 kHz). Resulting audiograms do not comply with hearing loss from occupational exposure to noise, but expected age-related deterioration. Among non-specific effects of noise fatigue (71%), impaired concentration (66%), headache (61%) and stress (58%) were detected. Digestive problems were reported in 30% of teachers. High blood pressure was reported in 25% of respondents., Petra Sachová, Eva Mrázková, Kristýna Richterová, Hana Tomášková, Vladimír Janout, and Literatura