In the department of coloproctology of NORC MH RUz 17 patients with disseminated forms of colorectal cancer was made the study of oncogenes and complex treatment by 2 protocols using FOLFOX4 regime and FOLFIRI regime. In second protocol there used 2 sessions of endolymphatical polychemotherapy FOLFOX4 regime against EHFhyperthermia. All patients were performed additional investigations directed to study the presence of multiple drug resistance in them where definition of р53, bcl2 oncogene expression. In our observations we followed resistance to FOLFOX4 scheme in 4 patients, and to FOLFIRI scheme in 2 cases. In our studies hyperexpression of oncoproteine р53 was correlated with the effect of conducted therapy whereas hyperexpr, Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Pulatov D. A., Islamov H. D., Matniyazova Sh. Ya., Akbarov E. T., and Literatura
Cílem našeho sdělení je demonstrovat možnosti základního vyšetření likvoru (CSF, z angl. cerebrospinal fluid = mozkomíšní mok) při sledování následného vývoje stavu centrálního nervového systému (CNS) u pacienta po subarachnoidálním krvácení. Klíčovou problematikou je především odlišení purulentních zánětlivých změn bakteriální etiologie a neinfekčního serózního zánětu ve smyslu úklidové reakce v CNS při opakovaně negativním mikrobiologickém vyšetření CSF. Možným řešením je společné hodnocení cytologického obrazu CSF a energetických poměrů v likvorovém kompartmentu vedoucí k určení charakteru zánětlivého procesu v CNS. Informační potenciál základní likvorologie však tímto není vyčerpán. Na případu dále předvádíme sledování poruchy cirkulace CSF vedoucí ke vzniku hydrocefalu, detekci probíhající destrukce tkáně při ischemizaci mozkového parenchymu a hodnocení přítomnosti krvácení do likvorových cest. Vývoj komplexního likvorového obrazu je pak průběžně konfrontován s výsledky zobrazovacích vyšetření a přispívá k optimalizaci terapeutických postupů až do ukončení intenzivní péče o pacienta., Our paper demonstrates the possibilities of basic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when monitoring the central nervous system (CNS) in a patient after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The key problem is to differentiate between purulent inflammation of bacterial etiology and non-infectious serous inflammation, the so called „clean-up reaction”, in the CNS during repetitively negative microbiological examinations of the CSF. Combined evaluation of the cytological image and energy turnover in the CSF compartment can help in specifying the character of inflammation of the CNS. The information potential of the CSF examination, however, is not depleted yet. In this case report we further demonstrate the failure of the CSF circulation leading to hydrocephalus, detection of tissue destruction during brain ischemia and detection of hemorrhage into the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. The development of the CSF image is continuously confronted with results of imaging examinations and helps to optimize the therapeutic procedures until the end of the intensive care of the patient., Kelbich P., Procházka J., Sameš M., Hejčl A., Vachata P., Hušková E., Peruthová J., Hanuljaková E., Špička J., and Literatura 10
Pseudomyxoma peritonei je vzácný klinický syndrom; nádorový proces, pro který je charakteristické hromadění mucinózního ascitu a peritoneálních implantátů v břišní dutině. Primárním zdrojem je téměř vždy low grade mucinózní tumor apendixu. Jedná se o pomalu progredující, nízce agresivní, ale smrtící onemocnění s častými recidivami. Optimálním léčebným postupem je kompletní chirurgická cytoredukce (CRS) v kombinaci s peroperačně aplikovanou intraperitoneální hypertermickou chemoterapií (HIPEC) – tzv. Sugarbakerova metoda., Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon clinical syndrome characterized by the slow and progressive accumulation of peritoneal implants and mucinous ascites, intraabdominal gelatinous collection (jelly belly). PMP is reported to originate from the low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Pseudomyxoma peritonei often recurs after treatment and may eventually cause death by abdominal visceral dysfunction via compression with mucinous ascites. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy comprising hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with or without postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) has been regarded as the standard of care in specialized centers. It is often referred to as the „Sugerbaker procedure“. Conventionally, PMP is considered resistant to systemic chemotherapy. Even though complete cytoreduction is associated with prolonged overall survival, recurrence of disease is common and multiple operations are frequently required. Patients may enjoy sustained period of remission, free of symptoms, but long – term disease free survival is distinctly uncommon. The pathologic subtype remains the dominant factor in survival. Patients should be centralized to improve survival by a combination of surgical experience and adequate patient selection., Roman Kocián, and Literatura
Hodgkinův lymfom (HL) je jedním z nejlépe léčitelných nádorových onemocnění. Moderními léčebnými strategiemi je vyléčeno 85–95 % pacientů. Do popředí začaly vystupovat pozdní následky léčby, především kardiotoxicita a sekundární malignity, na které 15 let po skončené terapii umírá více pacientů než na HL. Cílem výzkumu je najít takovou terapii, která by zajistila maximální kontrolu tumoru při minimalizaci akutní a dlouhodobé toxicity. German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) prokázala ve studii HD10 pro počáteční stadia HL možnost redukce chemoterapie i radioterapie, bez snížení účinnosti léčby. Studie pro pokročilá stadia HD9 prokázala výborné výsledky chemoterapie BEACOPP eskalovaný oproti konvenční terapii ABVD, ale s vyšší akutní a dlouhodobou toxicitou. Cílem dalších studií GHSG pro pokročilá stadia (HD12, HD15 a nyní aktivní studie HD18) je snížit intenzitu chemoterapie a posoudit, zda je nutná následná radioterapie. Pozitivní výsledky přináší hodnocení studie HD15, kde je testován význam FDG – PET při indikaci radioterapie. Současná studie HD18 sleduje pomocí FDG – PET i časnou odpověď tumoru po 2 cyklech chemoterapie. Další naděje jsou vkládány do nových biologických léků, které cílí přímo na receptory maligních buněk (monoklonální protilátky, inhibitory)., Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the best curable malignant diseases. Modern therapeutic strategies can cure 85–95 % of patients. Late effects have become increasingly important, especially cardiotoxicity and second tumors, that cause more deaths than HL 15 years after completion of treatment. The goal of the research is to find the therapy that maximizes tumor control and minimizes acute and longterm toxicity. German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) proved the possibility to reduce chemotherapy and radiotherapy without reducing the effectiveness of treatment in the HD10 study for early stages of HL. HD9 study for advanced stages demonstrated excellent results of BEACOPP escalated chemotherapy compared to the conventional therapy ABVD, but BEACOPP escalated induced higher acute and long-term toxicity. The goal of subsequent GHSG studies for advanced stages (HD12, HD15 and ongoing active HD18 study) is to reduce the intensity of chemotherapy and to evaluate the significance of subsequent radiotherapy. The HD15 study tests the significance of FDG-PET for indication of radiotherapy. Current HD18 study tests by FDG-PET the early response of tumor after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. New biological drugs that target receptors on malignant cells (monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors) are awaited., Jana Marková, and Lit.: 19
V současnosti neexistuje standardní léčba cílená na inhibici HER2 pro pacientky s metastatickým HER2-pozitivním karcinomem prsu po progresi na léčbě trastuzumabem a lapatinibem. V retrospektivních studiích se prokázalo, že trastuzumab si může v této situaci zachovávat terapeutickou aktivitu a být validní léčebnou možností pro pacientky v dobrém celkovém stavu., Currently there are no standard therapeutical options for patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer after progression on trastuzumab and lapatinib. Retrospective studies have indicated promising activity of trastuzumab retreatment in this clinical situation. Trastuzumab may therefore represent a valid treatment option for these patients in good overall condition., Tomáš Büchler, and Literatura 6
Aim: to improve treatment results of colorectal cancer, complicated carcinomatosis of abdominal cavity, by associated using of endolymphatic chemotherapy (ELCT) and local extremely high frequency (EHF) therapy. Igroup 21 people (33.3%) performed colostomy, then neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy by the scheme FOLFOX4. It was held two cycles, after two cycles their were received cytoreductive surgery; II group 26 people (41,3%) received cytoreductive operations with early postoperative intraabdominal chemotherapy by oxaliplatin (200 mg/m(2) at day 1 and 5FU 650 mg/m(2) from days 1 to 4. III group 16 people (25,4%) also performed colostomy, then used 2 courses of ELCT with local EHF therapy and all patients were received cytoreductive operations. ELCT was carried out injecting oxaliplatin100 mg/m(2) a day during 12 hours and then 5 FU in doze of 600 mg/m2 a day during 72 hours by the instrumentality of the dozer and LV200 mg/m(2) (2h intravenous infusion). During ELCT patients received local EHF therapy in abdominal cavity for an hour. After chemotherapy the partial regress of tumor observed in 1st group in 4,8 % and in 3rd 37,5 %, stabilization of process noted in 28,6 and 50% cases, progressing 66,7 and 12,5% cases correspondingly to groups. Histomorphologic study of malignant foci after ELCT+EHF therapy showed reduction of specific area of parenchyma cancer cell from 57 till 39% simultaneous growth of stroma from 40 till 58% and in necrosis area from 1,8 till 2,5%. Mitotic activity of tumor cells in the 1st group decreased (average in 22 un.), but in 3rd group it decreased until 11 units. Analysis of life span showed that in 1st group of patients 2year survival rate was 66,7%. In 2nd group of patients 2year survival rate was 42,3%. ELCH+EHFtherapy has high clinic efficacy and promotes to decrease terms of progression of tumor process, increases life span from 0 till 24% and quality of life of the patients. ELCH+EHFtherapy brings to reduction of specific area of parenchyma in cancer cells from 57 till 39% with simultaneous growth of stroma area from 40 till 58% and necrosis area from 1,8 till 2,5%. ELCT+EHFtherapy lowers mitotic activity of tumor cells, activates apoptosis, hemodynamic and metabolic rates., Akbarov E.T., Navruzov S.N., Abdujapparov S.B., Islamov H.D., and Literatura
Maligní melanom je nejagresivnější kožní nádor. Incidence tohoto onemocnění roste rychleji než u jiných malignit a stále více postihuje mladé lidi. Standardní léčba založená na chemoterapii nebo biochemoterapii nedokázala prodloužit přežití. Pokroky v oblasti imunologie a molekulární biologie u melanomu umožnily objevení nových potenciálních cílů a pomohly tak k vývoji nových léků. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 protilátka) a vemurafenib (selektivní BRAF inhibitor) dokázaly v randomizovaných studiích ve srovnání s chemoterapií prodloužit celkové přežití. Tyto léky se brzy stanou novým standardem v léčbě pacientů s pokročilým melanomem. K dalším velmi nadějným preparátům z oblasti cílené léčby patří dabrafenib (selektivní BRAF inhibitor) a trametinib (MEK inhibitor)., Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than most other cancers and affects a high proportion of younger adults. The standard treatment with chemotherapy or biochemotherapy has not been able to significantly improve survival. The recent advances in immunology and molecular biology of melanoma have discovered several potencial therapeutic targets and helped to develop new promising drugs. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and vemurafenib (the selective BRAF inhibitor) have demonstrated improved overall survival compared with chemotherapy in randomized trials. These agents will soon represent new standard of treatment in patients with advanced melanoma. Dabrafenib (the selective BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (the MEK inhibitor) are another very promising targeted drugs., Radek Lakomý, Alexandr Poprach, Renata Koukalová, and Literatura
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to sphincterpreserving operation in lowerampullar cancer of rectum. The Materials and methods: In coloproctological branch of National Oncological Scientific centre (NOSC) in 20052009 years 142 patients were performed radical operations, 64 (45,1%) patients were performed sphincterpreserving operations abdominoanal resection of rectum (AARR), medium age of patients 59,8 years, beside 78 (54,9%) patients were performed abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (APER), medium age 54,2 years. The Results: Studied results of the morphological research of removed preparation by histological structure of tumors and by form of the growing, depending on locations of the tumors on toothed line. The remote postoperative results studied beside 51 (79,7%) patient with AARR and beside 63 (80,1%) patients with APER. The Findings: sphincterpreserving operations (SPO) of the rectum can be the operation of the choice in treatment of high differentiated adenocarcinoma (HDA) and medium differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in stages T23 in localization of the lower pole of tumors, not below 1 centimeter of toothed line (TL) and carries combined character, in location of the lower edge of tumors on toothed line in patients with HDA MDA in 4% and 2,2% cases are shown that completing intrasphincternal resections of rectum, in connection with particular aggressiveness LDA question about choice of the method of the treatment under their localizations directly on TL must be solved in favour of complete APER, in exophytic tumor located onto and above TL is indication for sphincterpreserving operation in type of AARR, indices recurrencefree and not metastatic period, oneyear deathrate, threeyear survivability after SPO at inferior ampular cancer of rectum has not an essential distinction from results after APER., A. M. Hakimov, H. B. Bobokulov, and Literatura
Účel studie: Retrospektivně jsme zpracovali výsledky léčby mozkových nádorů stereotaktickou radioterapií a radiochirurgií. Použité metody: Pacienti podstoupili plánovací CT a MR vyšetření. Poté bylo provedeno plánování cílového objemu a ozařovací techniky v BrainLab systému a pacienti byli ozářeni na X-noži Varian s vícelamelovým kolimátorem BrainLab. Radiochirurgie byla aplikována jednorázově s fixací ve stereotaktickém rámu. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili frakcionovanou stereotaktickou radioterapii, byli fixováni pomocí speciální stereotaktické masky. Statistické zpracování bylo provedeno ve spolupráci s Ústavem matematiky a statistiky PřF MU Brno. Výsledky: Celkem bylo ozářeno 101 pacientů s primárními mozkovými tumory. Nejčastěji se jednalo o meningeomy a high-grade gliomy. Medián sledování byl 22,4 měsíců. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili radiochirurgii, měli medián dávky 18 Gy. Pacienti, ozařovaní frakcionovaně, měli medián dávky 25 Gy. Toxicita léčby byla nízká. Stabilizace onemocnění byla zaznamenána u 68 % pacientů, parciální remisi dosáhlo 10 % a jeden pacient měl kompletní remisi. Závěr: Výsledky naší léčby jsou srovnatelné s publikovanými studiemi. Stereotaktické ozařovací metody mají své důležité místo v léčbě primárních tumorů mozku., We analysed retrospectively our treatment of primary brain tumors using stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery. Methods: Patients underwent CT and MR examinations. Target volume and technique were planned in BrainLab system. Patients were irradiated on X knife. Radiosurgery was apllied with fixation using stereotactic frame. Stereotactic mask was used in cases of stereotactic radiotherapy. Statistical processing was performed at Department of mathematics and statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk university Brno. Results: 101 paients were included in our study. In the most of cases there were diagnosis of meningeoma and high-grade glioma. Median follow up was 22,4 months. Median of dose of radiosurgery was 18 Gy. Patients, whose underwent stereotactic radiotherapy, were median of doses 25 Gy. Treatment toxicity was low. Stable disease was recorded in 68 % of cases, partial remission achieved in 10 % patients and one patient had the complete remission. Conclusion: Results of our study are comparable with results other publicated studies. Stereotactic treatment irradiation has the important role in the treatment of brain tumors., Hana Doleželová, Petr Pospíšil, Pavel Šlampa, Irena Čoupková, Jan Garčič, Pavel Fadrus, Tomáš Svoboda, Iveta Selingerová, Ivana Horová, and Literatura
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum. The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 20052009 years. Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years 54 patients, 60 and above years. The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurativeinflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%). The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients. The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same., H. B. Bobokulov, A. M. Hakimov, and Literatura