Housing regime’ is a term that is used relatively often in (macrosocial) research comparing housing policies and systems. However, there is no generally accepted definition of this term. In this paper I shall first scrutinise previous uses of the concept, starting with a discussion of the most famous regime concept – the welfare regime. The discussion paves the way for a redefinition of a ‘housing regime’: the set of fundamental principles according to which housing provision operates in some defined area (municipality, region, state) at a particular point in time. Such principles are thought to be embodied in the institutional arrangements that relate to housing provision, in the political interventions that address housing issues, and as in the discourses through which housing issues are customarily understood. This definition is compatible with the path-dependence approach that has been adopted here and with the aspects of reality that researchers want to capture using the ‘regime’ concept.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to profound metabolic and hemodynamic changes, which damage other organs, such as heart and brain. The brain abnormalities and cognitive deficit progress with the severity of the CKD and are mostly expressed among hemodialysis patients. They have great socio-economic impact. In this review, we present the current knowledge of involved mechanisms.
In the present study, we critically revised the recently proposed classification of the subfamily Leishmaniinae Maslov et Lukeš in Jirků et al., 2012. Agreeing with erection of the genus Zelonia Shaw, Camargo et Teixeira in Espinosa et al., 2017 and the subgenus Mundinia Shaw, Camargo et Teixeira in Espinosa et al., 2017 within the genus Leishmania Ross, 1908, we argue that other changes are not well justified. We propose to: (i) raise Paraleishmania Cupolillo, Medina-Acosta, Noyes, Momen et Grimaldi, 2000 to generic rank; (ii) create a new genus Borovskyia gen. n. to accommodate the former Leptomonas barvae Maslov et Lukeš, 2010 as its type and only species; (iii) leave the subfamily Leishmaniinae as originally defined, but establish two infrafamilies within it: Leishmaniatae infrafam. n. and Crithidiatae infrafam. n., Alexei Y. Kostygov, Vyacheslav Yurchenko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A revisionary study revealed two species of monogeneans, Dactylogyrus crucis Rogers, 1967 and Dactylogyrus lythruri sp. n., parasitising Lythrurus Jordan (formerly a subgenus of Notropis Rafinesque, 1818). New records and updated taxonomy of seven of 12 known minnows of the genus of Lythrurus are provided for D. crucis. A record of Dactylogyrus attenuatus Mizelle et Klucka, 1953 (syn. Dactylogyrus umbratilus [Kimpel, 1939], nomen nudum) on Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard) is referrable to D. crucis. Dactylogyrus lythruri is described from eight species of Lythrurus. It most closely resembles Dactylogyrus beckeri Cloutman, 1987, but is distinguished by having a smaller base of the male copulatory organ (MCO) and lacking a ventral enlargement of the distal end of the basal process. Previous reports of Dactylogyrus banghami Mizelle et Donahue, 1944 and Dactylogyrus cf. beckeri Cloutman, 1987 from Lythrurus atrapiculus (Snelson) and Lythrurus bellus (Hay) from Alabama, and Dactylogyrus confusus Mueller, 1938 from L. umbratilis in Illinois are herein relegated to D. lythruri. Four species of Lythrurus appeared not to be infected with Dactylogyrus., Donald G. Cloutman, Andrew B. Adrian, Chris T. McAllister, Bruce W. Stallsmith, Thomas J. Fayton and Henry W. Robison., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We review the cicada genus Auritibicen Lee, 2015 based on the description of ten new species: A. aethus sp. n., A. daoxianensis sp. n., A. pallidus sp. n., A. rotundus sp. n., A. curvatus sp. n., A. purus sp. n., A. parvus sp. n., A. gracilis sp. n., A. septatus sp. n. and A. lijiangensis sp. n. Auritibicen shikokuanus (Kato, 1959) is confirmed to be a synonym of Auritibicen kyushyuensis (Kato, 1926). Diagnoses and descriptions, along with illustrations of the structure of male genitalia, are provided for all Auritibicen species. The systematics of Auritibicen is elucidated using both morphological and molecular characterization. Thirty-five morphological characters of the 24 species of Auritibicen and one outgroup taxon, Chremistica ochracea (Walker, 1850), were scored. Morphological phylogenetic analyses reveal the relationships among related species of Auritibicen, which are supported by a number of morphological characters. The mitochondrial gene fragments of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) of 11 species of Auritibicen and two outgroup Lyristes species were analyzed and yielded identical robust phylogenetic trees. The phylogram based on a Bayesian analysis of both morphological and molecular data is similar to the ML/BI topologies based only on the molecular data. The molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that species of Auritibicen are structured phylogeographically, with related species clustered into three lineages. The divergence time estimated based on molecular data indicates that the divergence of Auritibicen from Lyristes occurred during the Miocene, and the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of Auritibicen evolved during the Pliocene. However, the time when the main divergence events of species of Auritibicen occurred was the Pleistocene. From the combination of the phylogeny and updated geographical distributions, we infer that the center of distribution of Auritibicen could be Southwest China (e.g., Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces), from where species of this genus spreaded northeastwards to Shaanxi, Hubei and other provinces along the Qinling and Daba Mountains, then further northeastwards to Hebei Province in China and also to Far East Russia, the Korean Penisula, and Japan.
Aktuálnost Hippokratovy přísahy souvisí s možností jejího využití při řešení dilemat současné lékařské praxe. Z rešerší vyplývá, že téma Hippokratovy přísahy je i v dnešní době populární, i když rozličně charakterizované. Výstupy z rešerší byly doplněny výzkumem etických dilemat současné tuzemské lékařské praxe, jak je definují samotní lékaři. Z dotazníkového šetření vyplynulo celkem 36 dilemat, ta nejčetnější se dotýkala volby komu poskytnout drahou péči, léčby seniorů ve vysokém věku, eutanázie a nadbytečné administrativy. Každé dilema bylo podrobeno analýze, za účelem přiřazení základního etického principu, jehož se majoritně dotýká. Nejčastěji přiřazeným principem byl princip spravedlnosti, ve střední a stejné míře principy nonmaleficence a autonomie. Výzkum prokázal, že zvláště starší pacienti jsou rizikovou a ohroženou skupinou. Současné etické problémy v medicíně jsou složité, avšak deontologické zdůvodnění etických norem, se kterým pracuje i Hippokratova přísaha, může nabízet oporu před zásadním pochybením lékařů. Hippokratova přísaha a revitalizace jejích základních principů, by mohly být jedním z důležitých nástrojů k zažehnání nebezpečí absence etického jednání při řešení veškerých etických dilemat nejen v medicíně., Topicality of the Hippocratic oath is closely related to its usage to solve dilemmas in the contemporary medical practice. The vast amount of published literature clearly shows that the Hippocratic oath issue remains popular despite different forms of characterization. Information retrieval results were supplemented with questionnaire research on ethical dilemmas of current domestic medical practice as defined by the physicians themselves. The conducted research outcomes comprised a total of 36 dilemmas. The most frequent were dealing with the delivery of expensive care, treatment of old age seniors, euthanasia, and excessive paperwork. Each dilemma was then analyzed in details in order to assign respective basic ethical principles. The most frequently assigned principle was equity followed by nonmaleficence and autonomy. The research has confirmed that particularly older patients represent a risk and endangered group. Contemporary ethical problems in medicine are rather complex, but deontological substantiation of the ethical standards contained in the Hippocratic oath can offer an efficient support to eliminate causes of medical errors. The Hippocratic oath and revitalization of its cornerstones could become an important tool to prevent extinction of ethical behaviour when solving a wide range of ethical dilemmas, not only in medicine., and Přemysl B. Hanák, Kateřina Ivanová.
Collections of parasitic nematodes of fishes from some freshwater and brackish-water localities in Honshu, Shikoku and Hokkaido, Japan, carried out in 1996-2009, yielded the following eight species: Hysterothylacium haze (Machida, Takahashi et Masuuchi, 1978) (Anisakidae), Paraquimperia sp., Pingus sinensis Hsü, 1933 (both Quimperiidae), Heliconema anguillae Yamaguti, 1935 (Physalopteridae), Rhabdochona angusticaudata sp. n., Rhabdochona zacconis Yamaguti, 1935 (both Rhabdochonidae), Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 (Cystidicolidae) and Eustrongylides sp. larvae (Dioctophymatidae). The new species, R. angusticaudata sp. n., described from the intestine of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel in the Renjoji River, Shikoku, is mainly characterised by the presence of 14-16 anterior prostomal teeth, non-bifurcated deirids with rounded ends, the length of the left spicule (300-384 µm long), the right spicule with a dorsal barb and non-filamented eggs. The species of Paraquimperia Baylis, 1934 and A. arctica are reported from Japan for the first time. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations, some new morphological data on H. haze, H. anguillae, R. zacconis and A. arctica are provided., František Moravec, Kazuya Nagasawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Batoidea: Potamotrygonidae) host a diversity of parasites, including some, like their hosts, that are marine-derived. Among the parasites of potamotrygonids, the cestode fauna is the most diverse, with multiple genera having been reported, including genera endemic to the freshwaters of the Neotropics and genera that have cosmopolitan distributions. Recent efforts have been made to document the diversity of cestodes of this host-parasite system and to refine the taxonomy of parasite lineages. The present study contributes to our knowledge of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890, a diverse cosmopolitan genus of rhinebothriidean cestode, with 37 species reported from marine batoids, one species from a freshwater stingray in Borneo and six species from potamotrygonids. Rhinebothrium jaimei sp. n. is described from two species of potamotrygonids, Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau) (type host) and Potamotrygon scobina Garman, from Bahía de Marajó of the lower Amazon region. It can be distinguished from most of its marine congeners via multiple attributes, including its possession of two, rather than one, posteriormost loculi on its bothridia and the lomeniform shape of its bothridium that is wider anteriorly. In addition, R. jaimei sp. n. can be distinguished from the six Rhinebothrium species described previously from potamotrygonids based on a unique combination of morphological features. Despite extensive stingray cestode sampling efforts throughout all major Neotropical river systems, we found that unlike most species of potamotrygonid Rhinebothrium species, which are widespread, R. jaimei sp. n. is restricted to the Bahía de Marajó., a2_The discovery of this new species of Rhinebothrium in Bahía de Marajó, an area in which potamotrygonids occur sympatrically with some species of euryhaline batoids (e.g. Dasyatis spp.) and share some trophic resources, suggest that modern ecological processes may be contributing to the distribution patterns of cestodes infecting potamotrygonids., Fernando P. L. Marques, Florian B. Reyda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Despite the global distribution of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) sensu lato (s.l.), limited information exists about their identity from the Arabian Peninsula. Ticks from free roaming urban dogs and dromedary camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were morphologically identified, confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and characterised at mitochondrial DNA (cox1, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA). A total of 186 ticks were collected from 65 free roaming dogs (n = 73) and 84 dromedary camels (n = 113). Morphologically, 5.9% (11/186) were R. sanguineus s.l. and Hyalomma spp. (93.5%, 174/186). From within R. sanguineus s.l., the presence of Rhipicephalus cf. camicasi Morel, Mouchet et Rodhain, 1976 (1 dog, 2 camels) and Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936 (1 camel) is reported. The examined R. cf. camicasi form a sister group to R. sanguineus s.l. tropical lineage at all DNA markers. Dogs were parasitised by Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844 (n = 59), Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze et Schlottke, 1930 (n = 1), Hyalomma excavatum Koch, 1844 (n = 2), Hyalomma turanicum Pomerantsev, 1946 (n = 1) and Hyalomma rufipes Koch,1844 (n = 1). DNA from dog blood (n = 53) from Riyadh confirmed a low prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens that does not exceed 5.7% for Babesia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis using multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) and diagnostic PCR. Low prevalence of R. sanguineus s.l. on dogs likely contributed to the low level of canine vector-borne pathogens in Saudi Arabia. We demonstrate that dogs in the central Arabian Peninsula are more commonly parasitised by Hyalomma spp. than R. sanguineus s.l., Shona Chandra, Karen Smith, Abdullah D. Alanazi, Mohamed S. Alyousif, David Emery, Jan Šlapeta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this paper, the risk zone mapping of declining lowland forests belonging to „Morović“, management unit „Varadin-Županja“ (northern Serbia) is performed using geostatistics analysis. Based on the monitoring of groundwater level, the Kriging method has been performed for the spatial distribution of groundwater level for a multiyear period (2010–2013) – reference level and characteristic levels for the wettest and the driest year during the analyzed period. Risk assessment was determined by the variance of characteristics compared to reference levels. Then, multi-criteria decision analysis methods (AHP, PROMETHEE II) were applied to define the rank of each department (smaller forest management units) located in the research area. These analyses are very important because they enable to locate of the area with a high risk of forest decline and to rank departments using criteria: deviation from water level recorded during dry periods, species demand for water, conservation status and purpose of the unit (seed stands or technical wood). The proposed methodology is usable for the determination of the primary localities for the application of management measures conducting on the level of lower planned units (departments) and thus lead to the successful planning and more efficient forest management. Obtained results at the researched area showed that a negative influence on the watering regime has groundwater level decreasing compared to the reference level because it directly affects available water for the plants. Based on multicriteria analysis methods, it was deduced that the most endangered parts are located at the edge, while this risk is much lower in the central part of the management unit. A combination of applied methods (geostatistics and multicriteria analysis) is of great importance for forestry management.