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1032. Progesterone inhibitory role on gastrointestinal motility

Creator:
Alqudah, Mohammad, Al-Shboul, Othman, Al-Dwairi, Ahmed, Al-U´Dat, Doa´a G., and Alqudah, Abdelrahim
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
progesterone, smooth muscle, and GI tract
Language:
English
Description:
Progesterone is a steroidal hormone that is produced from the corpus luteum of the ovaries and from the placenta. The main function of progesterone is to promote the secretory differentiation in the endometrium of the uterus and to maintain pregnancy by inhibiting uterine contractions throughout pregnancy. Progesterone performs its actions by activating the classical progesterone nuclear receptors that affect gene transcription and by the non-classical activation of cell surface membrane receptors that accounts for the rapid actions of progesterone. Besides the reproductive roles of progesterone, it exerts functions in many tissues and systems such as the nervous system, the bone, the vascular system, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review will summarize the recent literature that investigated the role of progesterone in GI tract motility. Most literature indicates that progesterone exerts an inhibitory role on gut smooth muscle cells in part by elevating nitric oxide synthesis, which induces relaxation in smooth muscle. Moreover, progesterone inhibits the signaling pathways that lead to contraction such as Rho kinase inhibition. These data serve as a quick resource for the future directions of progesterone research that could lead to better understanding and more effective treatment of gender-related GI tract motility disorders.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1034. Proposal of a new method for drought analysis

Creator:
Bonacci, Ognjen, Bonacci, Duje, Roje-Bonacci, Tanja, and Vrsalović, Adrijana
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
drought, air temperature, precipitation, New Drought Index (NDI), Split-Marjan, and Zagreb-Grič
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Below-average precipitation and above-average air temperature are important factors in the occurrence and intensity of drought. In the context of global climate change, air temperature increase, as a key climatological parameter, has to be considered when calculating the drought index. We introduce a new method of drought analysis, relying on standardized values of precipitation and mean air temperatures for a certain period. The standardized value is calculated by subtracting the average value for each period from each measured value and dividing the obtained value by the standard deviation of the sample. Next, the New Drought Index (NDI) is calculated by subtracting the standardized temperature value from the standardized precipitation value. NDI values were determined for the monthly and annual precipitation time series and mean monthly and annual air temperatures measured at the stations Split-Marjan and Zagreb-Grič between 1948 and 2020. The NDI indicates that the risk of drought has intensified significantly in recent decades, which may be related to the effect of global warming.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1035. Protection of Toll-like receptor 9 against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of pulmonary epithelial cells via MyD88-mediated pathways

Creator:
Qi, Zhenhong, Chen, Jiaxin, Deng, Menghua, Zhang, Yunhai, Ma, Tianwei, and Ma, Mingyuan
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
acute lung injury, Toll-like receptor 9, inflammation, oxidative stress, and MyD88
Language:
English
Description:
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common, severe clinical syndrome. Injury caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells is a vital process in the pathogenesis of ALI. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in LPS-induced ALI rats. In this study, Beas-2B human pulmonary epithelial cells and A549 alveolar epithelial cells were stimulated by LPS, resulting in the upregulation of TLR9 in a concentrationdependent manner. Furthermore, TLR9 overexpression and interference vectors were transfected before LPS administration to explore the role of TLR9 in LPS-induced ALI in vitro. The findings revealed that inhibition of TLR9 reduced inflammation and oxidative stress while suppressing apoptosis of LPS-induced Beas-2B and A549 cells, whereas TLR9 overexpression aggravated these conditions. Moreover, TLR9 inhibition resulted in downregulated protein expression of myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) and activator activator protein 1 (AP-1), as well as phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2 was upregulated compared to that of cells subjected to only LPS administration, and this was reversed by TLR9 overexpression. These results indicate that inhibition of TLR9 plays a protective role against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in Beas-2B and A549 cells, possibly via the MyD88/NF-κB and MyD88/MAPKs/AP-1 pathways.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1036. Proteomic analysis of potential immunoreactive proteins from muscle larvae and adult worms of Trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected pigs

Creator:
Bien, Justyna, Cabaj, Wladyslaw, and Bożena Moskwa
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
antigeny, hmotnostní spektrometrie, antigens, mass spectroscopy, Trichinella, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The present study was undertaken to identify potentially immunoreactive proteins of the muscle larvae (ML) and adult stage (Ad) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835. To identify immunoreactive proteins that are specifically recognised by anti-Trichinella antibodies, ML and Ad crude extracts and their excretory-secretory (E-S) products were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblot with serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with T. spiralis. A total of 18 bands were selected for final identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To further understand the functions of the proteins identified in this study, gene ontology terms were applied. Results showed that the specific antibodies against T. spiralis reacted with protein bands matching heat shock proteins, aminopeptidase, enolase, isocitrate dehydrogenase NADP-dependent, tropomyosin, P49 antigen, serine proteinase, secreted 5'-nucleotidase, antigen targeted by protective antibodies, 53 kDa E-S antigen, putative trypsin and paramyosin. Three proteins common for both adult stage and muscle larvae, including heat shock proteins, enolase and 5'-nucleotidase, might play important role during T. spiralis infection. These proteins are presumably presented to the host immune system and may induce humoral immune response. Thus, these proteins may be potential antigens for early diagnosis and the development of a vaccine against the parasite., Justyna Bien, Wladyslaw Cabaj, Bozena Moskwa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1037. Providing scientifically defensible evidence and correct calibrated thresholds for risk screening non-native species with second-generation Weed Risk Assessment-type decision-support tools

Creator:
Vilizzi, Lorenzo and Piria, Marina
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
AS-ISK, TAS-ISK, risk identification, ROC curve analysis, and decision-makers
Language:
English
Description:
The risk screening of non-native species that are likely to be invasive in a defined risk assessment area is crucial for implementing strategies of rapid response and mitigation to protect native biodiversity and socio-economic activities. However, for successful risk-ranking of the screened species, scientifically defensible evidence in support of the screening outcomes must be provided, and computation of a correctly calibrated threshold to distinguish between medium-risk and high-risk species must be achieved. This paper reviews published applications of the “second-generation” Weed Risk Assessment-type decision support tools (i.e. the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit and the Terrestrial Animal Species Invasiveness Screening Kit) and evaluates them in terms of the above two requirements. Several procedural errors were identified that involved: i) lack of provision of the report with details of the species-specific screenings; ii) incomplete justifications for the responses in the toolkit questionnaire; iii) incomplete details of the protocol used for the a priori categorisation of the screened species for threshold computation; iv) unaccepted or non-existent taxonomic names for the screened species (including typographical errors). Guidelines are provided for both assessors and reviewers to ensure that these procedural errors are avoided in future applications of these risk screening toolkits.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1038. Prožívaná smysluplnost v kontextu osobnostních rysů budoucích učitelů

Creator:
Jirásková, Miroslava, Petrová, Alena, and Jirásek, Ivo
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
životní naplněnost, existenciální frustrace, logoterapie, mladá (raná) dospělost, life fulfilment, existential frustration, logotherapy, and young adulthood
Language:
Czech
Description:
Výzkumná studie je zaměřena na prožívání životní naplněnosti a existenciálního zakotvení u souboru vysokoškolských studentů, budoucích učitelů (n = 346, z toho 294 žen) ve věku 19–27 let. Data z Logo-testu a NEO pětifaktorového osobnostního inventáře byla podrobena analýze v kontextu vybraných osobnostních rysů. Výsledky přesvědčivě prokazují dostatečně smysluplný a existenciálně zakotvený život u většiny našich respondentů (95,6 %), pouze výrazná menšina (4,4 %) vykazuje existenciální frustraci. Zjištěny byly intersexuální diference a významná pozitivní vazba mezi mírou prožívaného životního smyslu a osobnostních rysů extraverze, přívětivosti, otevřenosti vůči zkušenosti a svědomitosti. Negativní korelace se projevila ve vztahu subjektivního prožívání smyslu a osobnostní charakteristiky neuroticismus. and This research study focuses on the experiencing of fulfilment in life and existential grounding in a group of university students who were future teachers (n = 346, of whom 294 were women) aged 19-27 years. The data from the Logo-Test and the NEO five-factor personality inventory was analysed in the context of selected personality traits. The results convincingly show a sufficiently meaningful and existentially rooted life in the majority of our respondents (95.6% of the respondents), with only a significant minority (4.4%) displaying existential frustration. Differences between the sexes and a significant positive link between the degree of lived meaning and the personality traits of extraversion, friendliness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were found. A negative correlation manifested itself in the relationship between the subjective experience of meaning and the personality characteristics of neuroticism.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1039. Pseudoparasitism by Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) of pupae of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae): Frequency and implications

Creator:
De Pedro, Luis, Beitia, Francisco, Asís, Josep D, and Tormos, José
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
blanokřídlí, dvoukřídlí, vrtulovití, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Tephritidae, Pteromalidae, Spalangia cameroni, Ceratitis capitata, Mediterranean fruit fly, parasitoid, pseudoparasitism, overstinging, biological control, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The effectiveness of natural enemies in controlling pests may be determined by many traits linked to their ability to regulate the density of their prey. In this respect, the phenomenon of pseudoparasitism, in which female parasitoids reject a host after inserting their ovipositor into it, is fairly common among hymenopteran parasitoids. However, in spite of this its effect on hosts is rarely reported in entomological and biological control literature. For this reason, in the present study, the pseudoparasitism by the parasitoid Spalangia cameroni Perkins of the Mediterranean pest Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and its effect on several biological parameters of the host were studied under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that the percentage pseudoparasitism by S. cameroni of medfly in the laboratory is high, even slightly higher than host-feeding, which is commonly used to evaluate the potential of parasitoids as biological control agents. In addition, the adults that emerge from pseudoparasitized medfly pupae have a male-biased sex ratio, low levels of survival and are frequently damaged, which results in small adults and an inability to mate successfully. In conclusion, our results indicate that pseudoparasitism is common and enhances the effectiveness of S. cameroni attacking medfly, which highlights the importance of this phenomenon when selecting parasitoids to be included in a biological control programme., Luis De Pedro, Francisco Beitia, Josep D. Asís, José Tormos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1040. PSII photochemistry responses to drought stress in autochthonous and modern sweet cherry cultivars

Creator:
Mihaljević, I., Viljevac Vuletić, M., Tomaš, V., Horvat, D., Zdunić, Z., and Vuković, D.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde, photosynthesis, sweet cherry, and water content
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
In this study, the JIP test was used to assess the drought tolerance of two sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) (modern and autochthonous). Plants were exposed to progressive drought by withholding water and their fast (< 1 s) chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics was evaluated. JIP test analysis showed that drought stress caused a greater decrease in performance indices (PIABS and PItotal) in a modern cultivar, as compared to an autochthonous one. Our results suggest that limited reoxidation of primary quinone electron acceptor (QA), higher amount of secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB-) nonreducing reaction centres, or inhibition of the electron transport between QA and QB, decreased more seriously the photosynthetic performance of the modern cultivar. Further, higher positive L- and K-bands observed for the modern cultivar also suggest lower energetic connectivity between PSII units and increased inhibition of oxygen-evolving complex over autochthonous cultivar. Our results suggest that the autochthonous cultivar Crveni hrušt had better photosynthetic performance under drought conditions, compared to the modern cultivar New Star.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public