Nebulization with saline solution, although commonly used to
alleviate respiratory symptoms, particularly in children, is often
questioned concerning its effectiveness. In this study, we
investigated the effects of isotonic saline nebulization on lung
function in 40 children (mean age of 14±1 years) suffering from
different types of airway disorders. Measurements were carried
out directly before and up to 15 min after nebulization, for six
days in a row, always on the same day time in the morning. The
children were divided into two study groups according to the
baseline ratio of forced expired volume in one second/forced vital
capacity (FEV1/FVC), below and above 80 %. We found
significant improvements after saline nebulization in FEV1, midexpiratory flow at 50 % and 75 % of FVC (MEF50 and MEF75),
and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the group with the baseline
FEV1/FVC less than 80 %. In contradistinction, children with an
index greater than 80 % displayed no appreciable changes in the
lung function variables when compared with the baseline level
before saline nebulization. We conclude that isotonic saline
nebulization might mitigate the functional signs of threatening
pulmonary obstruction and as such may be clinically useful in
pediatric patients with mild respiratory problems.
Itch is the most common chief complaint in patients visiting
dermatology clinics and is analogous to cough and also sneeze of
the lower and upper respiratory tract, all three of which are host
actions trying to clear noxious stimuli. The pathomechanisms of
these symptoms are not completely determined. The itch can
originate from a variety of etiologies. Itch originates following the
activation of peripheral sensory nerve endings following damage
or exposure to inflammatory mediators. More than one sensory
nerve subtype is thought to subserve pruriceptive itch which
includes both unmyelinated C-fibers and thinly myelinated Aδ
nerve fibers. There are a lot of mediators capable of stimulating
these afferent nerves leading to itch. Cough and itch pathways are
mediated by small-diameter sensory fibers. These cough and itch
sensory fibers release neuropeptides upon activation, which leads
to inflammation of the nerves. The inflammation is involved in the
development of chronic conditions of itch and cough. The aim of
this review is to point out the role of sensory nerves in the
pathogenesis of cough and itching. The common aspects of itch
and cough could lead to new thoughts and perspectives in both
fields.
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide the daily position time series for the geodesy and geophysical studies. However, due to various unpredictable factors, such as receiver failure or bad observation conditions, missing data inevitably exist in GNSS position time series. Most traditional time series analysis methods require the time series should be completed. Therefore, filling the missing data is a valuable step before analyzing the GNSS time series. In this study, a new method named Iteration Empirical Mode Decomposition (Iteration EMD) is proposed to fill the missing data in GNSS position time series. The simulation experiments are performed by randomly removing different missing percentages of the synthetic time series, with the added different types noise. The results show that Iteration EMD approach performs well regardless of high or low missing percentage. When the missing percentage increases from 5 % to 30 % with a step of 5 %, all the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) of Iteration EMD are smaller than Interpolation EMD. The relative improvements at different percentages of Iteration EMD relative to Interpolation EMD are significant, especially for the high missing percentage. The real GNSS position time series of eight stations were selected to further evaluate the performance of Iteration EMD with an average missing percentage 8.15 %. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the filled time series, which is used to assess the interpolation performance of Iteration EMD and Interpolation EMD. The results show that Iteration EMD can preserve variance 75.9 % with the first three Principal Components (PC), more than 66.5% of interpolation EMD. Therefore, we can conclude that Iteration EMD is an efficient interpolation method for GNSS position time series, which can make full use of available information in existing time series to fill the missing data.
Contractile dysfunction and fatal arrhythmias are the hallmarks of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Pterostilbene has notable cardioprotective effects, but its main mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of PTE on myocardial hemodynamics, arrhythmias, inflammatory/oxidative responses, and the causal role of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in rats with acute myocardial I/R injury. Sixty male 7-8 months Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10/each group) experienced in vivo model of myocardial I/R injury through 40-min LAD coronary artery occlusion and subsequent 24-h reperfusion. PTE at concentrations of 5 and 25 mg/kg was intraperitoneally administered to rats five min before reperfusion. Cardiac hemodynamics, reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, infarct size, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, the activity of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway were measured as the endpoints. Administration of PTE to I/R-injured rats recovered myocardial contractile function and reduced infarct size and ventricular arrhythmias counts and incidence in a dosedependent manner. PTE at 25 mg/kg significantly and more potently reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β, suppressed intracellular ROS production, augmented the activity of glutathione, and manganesesuperoxide dismutase, and upregulated the JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Importantly, pretreatment of rats with Ag490 as a JAK2 inhibitor significantly abolished the cardioprotective and signaling effects of PTE in I/R rats. PTE exerts significant protective effects on reducing arrhythmias and myocardial infarction and enhancing cardiac function by stimulating JAK2/STAT3-related suppression of inflammatory and oxidative reactions in the I/R injury setting.
Cieľom štúdie bolo preskúmať koreláty jazykovej emocionality a verbálneho vyjadrenia emócií u bilingválnych osôb pomocou analýzy prierezu výskumných štúdií. Materinský jazyk (L1) sa vyznačuje väčšou jazykovou emocionalitou v porovnaní s ďalším bilingvistom ovládaným jazykom (L2). Emocionálna sila jazyka koreluje s vekom osoby v čase jeho osvojenia, emocionálnymi skúsenosťami pri jeho osvojení a špecifickým kultúrnym kontextom. Jazyk s väčšou emocionálnou silou sa používa na verbálne vyjadrenie emocionálnych zážitkov najmä v emocionálne nabitých situáciách a v prípade pozitívnej valencie prežívaných emócií. V prípade negatívnej valencie sa preferuje menej emocionálny jazyk, ktorý ponúka odstup od emocionálneho prežívania. Bilingvista v terapeutickom vzťahu môže spontánne či účelne prepínať medzi ovládanými jazykmi s cieľom regulovať intenzitu emocionálneho prežívania. Hoci terapia bilingválneho klienta predstavuje výzvu i pre profesionála, očakáva sa rešpektovanie zmien jazykového prejavu na strane klienta a cielená práca s jazykovým kontextom na strane terapeuta., The aim of this study is to examine the correlates of language emotionality and the verbal expression of emotions in bilingual persons by analysing a selection of research studies. In comparison with another language spoken by a bilingual, the mother tongue is characterised by a greater emotional charge. The emotional power of a language correlates with the age of the person and their emotional experience at the time of its learning as well as the specific cultural context. The language with a greater emotional charge is used to verbally express emotional experiences, specifically in emotionally charged situations and in the case of positive valence of experienced emotions. On the other hand, in the case of negative valence, the less emotional language that offers distance from emotional experience is preferred. In a therapeutic relationship, a bilingual can spontaneously or purposefully switch between languages in order to regulate the intensity of emotional experience. Although therapy with a bilingual client can be challenging for the professional, too, respect for changes in language expression on the part of the client and targeted work with the language context on the part of the therapist are expected., Kinga Izsóf Jurásová, Linda Kissová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone are the main regulators of insect development; however, it is unclear how they interact in the regulation of metamorphic events. Using the silkworm, Bombyx mori, we show that the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb affects the cascade of ecdysone regulated genes that control the programmed cell death in the larval midgut. Morphological changes that occur during cell death were investigated by studying cross-sections of the midgut stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Apoptosis-specific DNA fragmentation was detected using TUNEL assay. Expression patterns of genes ATG8 and ATG12, which were used as indicators of autophagy, and genes of the ecdysone-regulated gene cascade were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fenoxycarb application on day 0 of the 5th larval instar extended the feeding period and postponed programmed cell death in mature larval midgut. This effect was probably due to a delay in ecdysone secretion and associated changes in gene expression were mostly not a direct response to the fenoxycarb. However, differences in the gene expression patterns in the control and fenoxycarb treated insects during the prepupal and early pupal stages indicated that fenoxycarb may also exert a more direct effect on some genes of the ecdysone regulated gene cascade., Ebru Goncu, Ramazan Uranli, Osman Parlak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The K13 propeller domain mutation and pfmdr1 amplification have been proposed as useful molecular markers for detection and monitoring of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum Welch, 1897. Genomic DNA isolates of P. falciparum was extracted from 235 dried blood spot or whole blood samples collected from patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria residing in areas along the Thai-Myanmar border during 2006-2010. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to detect mutations in K13 propeller domain of P. falciparum at codon 427-709. Pfmdr1 gene copy number was determined by SYBR Green I real-time PCR. High prevalence of pfmdr1 multiple copies was observed (42.5% of isolates). The presence of K13 mutations was low (40/235, 17.2%). Seventeen mutations had previously been reported and six mutations were newly detected. The C580Y was found in two isolates (0.9%). The F446I, N458Y and P574L mutations were commonly detected. Seven isolates had both K13 mutation and pfmdr1 multiple copies. It needs to be confirmed whether parasites harbouring both K13 mutation and pfmdr1 multiple copies and/or the observed new mutations of K13 propeller domain are associated with clinical artemisinin resistance., Papichaya Phompradit, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Phunuch Muhamad, Kesara Na-Bangchang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has been facing problems in providing affordable houses for Indonesian low-income peoples. Research on the housing preferences of low-income people is important in order for the GoI to understand and be able to provide affordable housing that meets the needs of low-income people. According to Turner (1968a), the housing preferences of low-income migrants is largely influenced by economic factors, so Turner divides low-income migration into three stages: namely the bridgeheader, land consolidator, and status seeker. But the question arises as to whether it is possible for first time low-income migrants to arrive and live in the city centre directly, without any prior experience? If not, then is there a stage before the bridgeheader stage? If it is, then what are the first-housing preferences of low-income migrants? This paper critiques Turner’s theory of the low-income’s migration stage, that there is a possibility of stage before bridgeheader, we call it ‘kindred campers’.