We studied a population of the regionally endangered marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia inhabiting a system of loosely connected dry calcareous grasslands in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia. Our goal was to set the basis for a long-term monitoring of this butterfly in four meadows using mark-release-recapture (MRR). We determined its demographic parameters, dispersal, behaviour and utilization of nectar plants in different quality patches. Total population size was estimated to be approximately 347 males (95% confidence interval: 262-432) and 326 females (95% confidence interval: 250-402), with an unbiased sex ratio. The average lifespans were 6.3 and 8.6 days, respectively. Daily population sizes followed a parabola with marked protandry. Both sexes were relatively highly mobile with both occasionally moving over half a kilometre. The spatial distribution of animals seemed to be associated with patch size, host plant densities and nectar sources, resulting in much higher population densities in the largest patch. Adult behaviour differed between the sexes, with females resting more and flying less than males. Behaviour also changed during daytime and with the progression of the season. Adults were confirmed to be opportunistic feeders, since as many as ten nectar sources were detected. We conclude that demographic parameters differ greatly among regions and habitats, thus conservation aims should be planned accordingly. Although the population studied is apparently in good condition, there are threats that may hamper the long-term persistence of the species in this area: succession, intensification of mowing and overgrazing., Jure Jugovic, Costanza Uboni, Sara Zupan, Martina Lužnik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Climate change scenarios predict losses of cold-adapted species from insular locations, such as middle high mountains at temperate latitudes, where alpine habitats extend for a few hundred meters above the timberline. However, there are very few studies following the fates of such species in the currently warming climate. We compared transect monitoring data on an alpine butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from summit elevations of two such alpine islands (above 1300 m) in the Jeseník Mts and Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. We asked if population density, relative total population abundance and phenology recorded in the late 1990s (past) differs that recorded early in 2010s (present) and if the patterns are consistent in the two areas, which are separated by 150 km. We found that butterfly numbers recorded per transect walk decreased between the past and the present, but relative population abundances remained unchanged. This contradictory observation is due to an extension in the adult flight period, which currently begins ca 10 days earlier and lasts for longer, resulting in the same total abundances with less prominent peaks in abundance. We interpret this development as desynchronization of annual cohort development, which might be caused by milder winters with less predictable snow cover and more variable timing of larval diapause termination. Although both the Jeseník and Krkonoše populations of E. epiphron are abundant enough to withstand such desynchronization, decreased synchronicity of annual cohort development may be detrimental for innumerable small populations of relic species in mountains across the globe., Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, Irena Klečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We studied the demography, movement, behaviour and choice of nectar plants by adults of Aporia crataegi. This study was done in a dense network of different types of habitats (total size of study area 16.26 ha) from open landscape to shrubland, the latter being a result of abandonment of traditional agricultural practices such as extensive mowing and grazing. Total population size was estimated to be approximately 1700 and 2700 for females and males, respectively. Median and maximum distances moved by males were 134 and 3493 m, and by females 138 and 3165 m, respectively. The average lifespan was ca. 7.1 and 7.5 days, with maximum recorded lifespans of 21 and 17 days for males and females, respectively. The greater capture probability recorded for males indicates their high activity, as they spend most of their time in flight patrolling and searching for mates. A parabolic recruitment curve and protandry were also recorded. Both sexes are highly mobile. The spatial distribution of both sexes was roughly similar. The adult behaviour differed in different habitats, with more time spent feeding and resting when nectar plants were plentiful and more time spent flying when they were rare. Although adults utilized nine nectar sources, only two were recorded in over 80% of all the feeding occasions. In order to re-establish open grassland with some shrubland, traditional and mosaic management of the landscape should be revived at least to some extent., Jure Jugovic, Mitja Črne, Martina Lužnik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Kvalitu a efektivitu organizácie určuje nielen manažment, organizačná štruktúra či kultúra, ale aj jej zamestnanci a aktivity, ktoré determinujú ich vzťah k danej organizácii. Správanie zamestnancov nezahŕňa len formálne určené aktivity, ale najmä aktivity, ktoré sú na báze dobrovoľnosti. Daná dobrovoľnosť sa prejavuje predovšetkým v rámci organizačného občianskeho správania (z angl. organizational citizenship behavior, ďalej len OCB). Mieru OCB určujú viaceré organizačné faktory, medzi ktoré patrí aj organizačná spravodlivosť. Cieľom predkladaného príspevku bolo objasniť charakter vzťahu medzi organizačným občianskym správaním, organizačnou spravodlivosťou a vybranými socio-demografickými ukazovateľmi. Zámer sa tiež sústredil na poznanie miery organizačného občianskeho správania, ktoré respondenti vykazujú a tiež, v akej miere vnímajú jednotlivé dimenzie organizačnej spravodlivosti. Pre naplnenie spomenutého cieľa sa 210 respondentov s priemerným vekom 34,82 rokov (SD = 10,97) vyjadrilo k otázkam, ktoré zaznamenávali mieru organizačného občianskeho správania pomocou dotazníka Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C) a mieru organizačnej spravodlivosti prostredníctvom škály Organizational Justice Scale. Výsledky ukázali, že v priemere respondenti vykazovali nižšiu mieru OCB (M = 2,28; SD = 0,67) a v rámci organizačnej spravodlivosti v najvyššej miere vnímali interpersonálnu spravodlivosť (M = 3,78; SD = 1,05). Analýza charakteru vzťahov medzi vybranými premennými ukázala, že dimenzie organizačnej spravodlivosti, odpracované roky v organizácii a rod boli prediktormi OCB, resp. OCB-O a OCB-I. Konkrétne výsledky sú súčasťou príspevku., The quality and efficiency of an organization are determined not even by the management, organizational structure or the company culture, but also employees and their behavior which determine the relationship to the organization. Employees´ behavior does not only include formally defined activities, but especially activities that are voluntary. These activities are manifested primarily in an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The OCB is determined by a number of organizational factors, including organizational justice. The aim of this contribution was to analyze the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, organizational justice and selected socio-demographic variables. The research also focused on the frequency of OCB and the level of organizational justice perception. 210 respondents in total with the average age of 34.82 years (SD = 10.97) answered the questions measuring OCB by Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C) and organizational justice by Organizational Justice Scale. The results showed that respondents had a lower level of OCB (M = 2.28; SD = .67), and they perceive interpersonal justice the most (M = 3.78; SD = 1.05) within organizational justice. An analysis of the nature of the relation between selected variables showed that dimensions of organizational justice, years of practice and gender were predictors of OCB, OCB-O or/and OCB-I, respectively. Specific results are part of the contribution., Denisa Rovenská., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
V posledních letech se můžeme v gerontologické literatuře setkat s novými termíny reflektujícím jevy nové či nově sledované. Mezi tyto termíny patří tzv. „SuperAging“. Tato stať seznamuje čtenáře s obsahem termínu ve dvou hlavních souvislostech: 1) v rámci společnosti – sociologie a demografie, 2) v rámci neuropsychologie a kognitivního stárnutí jedinců. Cílem je rozšířit tyto pojmy a jejich obsah mezi českou psychologickou obec. and Novel terms have been introduced in gerontology, reflecting new or newly observed phenomena. „SuperAging“ is one of those terms. This text introduces its content to the readers in the main areas of interest: 1) societal view of sociology and demography, 2) neuropsychology and cognitive ageing of individuals. Our goal is to make the aspects of SuperAgeing familiar to Czech psychologists.