Current knowledge suggests a complex role of C-peptide in human physiology, but its mechanism of action is only partially understood. The effects of C-peptide appear to be variable depending on the target tissue, physiological environment, its combination with other bioactive molecules such as insulin, or depending on its concentration. It is apparent that C-peptide has therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular and nervous damage caused by type 1 or late type 2 diabetes mellitus. The question remains whether the effect is mediated by the receptor, the existence of which is still uncertain, or whether an alternative non-receptor-mediated mechanism is responsible. The Institute of Endocrinology in Prague has been paying much attention to the issue of C-peptide and its metabolic effect since the 1980s. The RIA methodology of human C-peptide determination was introduced here and transferred to commercial production. By long-term monitoring of C-peptide oGTT-derived indices, the Institute has contributed to elucidating the pathophysiology of glucose tolerance disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge of C-peptide physiology and highlights the contributions of the Institute of Endocrinology to this issue., Daniela Vejrazkova, Marketa Vankova, Petra Lukasova, Josef Vcelak, Bela Bendlova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cieľom štúdie bolo preskúmať koreláty jazykovej emocionality a verbálneho vyjadrenia emócií u bilingválnych osôb pomocou analýzy prierezu výskumných štúdií. Materinský jazyk (L1) sa vyznačuje väčšou jazykovou emocionalitou v porovnaní s ďalším bilingvistom ovládaným jazykom (L2). Emocionálna sila jazyka koreluje s vekom osoby v čase jeho osvojenia, emocionálnymi skúsenosťami pri jeho osvojení a špecifickým kultúrnym kontextom. Jazyk s väčšou emocionálnou silou sa používa na verbálne vyjadrenie emocionálnych zážitkov najmä v emocionálne nabitých situáciách a v prípade pozitívnej valencie prežívaných emócií. V prípade negatívnej valencie sa preferuje menej emocionálny jazyk, ktorý ponúka odstup od emocionálneho prežívania. Bilingvista v terapeutickom vzťahu môže spontánne či účelne prepínať medzi ovládanými jazykmi s cieľom regulovať intenzitu emocionálneho prežívania. Hoci terapia bilingválneho klienta predstavuje výzvu i pre profesionála, očakáva sa rešpektovanie zmien jazykového prejavu na strane klienta a cielená práca s jazykovým kontextom na strane terapeuta., The aim of this study is to examine the correlates of language emotionality and the verbal expression of emotions in bilingual persons by analysing a selection of research studies. In comparison with another language spoken by a bilingual, the mother tongue is characterised by a greater emotional charge. The emotional power of a language correlates with the age of the person and their emotional experience at the time of its learning as well as the specific cultural context. The language with a greater emotional charge is used to verbally express emotional experiences, specifically in emotionally charged situations and in the case of positive valence of experienced emotions. On the other hand, in the case of negative valence, the less emotional language that offers distance from emotional experience is preferred. In a therapeutic relationship, a bilingual can spontaneously or purposefully switch between languages in order to regulate the intensity of emotional experience. Although therapy with a bilingual client can be challenging for the professional, too, respect for changes in language expression on the part of the client and targeted work with the language context on the part of the therapist are expected., Kinga Izsóf Jurásová, Linda Kissová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Sourozenectví je jedním z nejvýznamnějších vztahů v lidském životě. Tento vztah může být velmi specifický, má-li jeden ze sourozenců vývojové postižení. Zdraví sourozenci potom, stejně jako jejich rodiče, bývají konfrontováni s řadou stresových a náročných situací, které u nich vedou ke zvýšenému výskytu psychických obtíží. Za účelem podpory a naplnění potřeb této skupiny byl vytvořen program STEPS – Skupinový terapeuticko-edukační program pro sourozence dětí s postižením. Pilotním během intenzivní alternativy tohoto programu prošlo pět sourozenců dětí s Williamsovým syndromem. Cílem článku je podat základní informace o prvním běhu programu a poskytnout tak podnět pro další rozvoj podpory rizikové a v naší zemi doposud opomíjené skupiny – sourozenců dětí s postižením. and Sibship is one of the most important relationships in life. However, this relationship may be very specific if one of the siblings suffers from a developmental disorder. In such a case healthy siblings are confronted with a similar number of stressful and challenging situations as their parents. These stressors lead to an increased incidence of mental health problems in this population. In order to support and fulfil the needs of healthy siblings, STEPS program (Group Therapeutic Program for Siblings of Children with Disabilities) was developed. Five siblings of children with Williams syndrome have participated in piloting of an intensive alternative of this program. The aim of this article is to provide basic information on the pilot of this program and provide suggestions for further development of support for at-risk and in our country neglected population – siblings of children with disabilities.