Fibre lasers belong to the most spectacular achievements of contemporary optoelectronics and photonics. Variety of fibre lasers were demonstrated ranging from mighty continuous-wave systems with multi-kilowatt output powers to elegant femtosecond-pulse sources for precise frequency and time measurements. Present progress of fibre lasers follows admirable success of erbium doped fibre amplifier, one of the key components enabling fast global penetration of the Internet. In the constribution, we present basic principles of fibre lasers as well as some of their applications., Vláknové lasery patří mezi nejpůsobivější úspěchy fotoniky posledních let. Poskytují hrubou sílu využitelnou pro řezání a sváření v průmyslu, ale lze je nalézt i v delikátních zařízeních vyvíjených pro dosud nejpřesnější měření frekvence a času. Na začátku současného rozmachu této technologie stál erbiem dopovaný vláknový zesilovač, který byl jednou z klíčových komponent umožňujících rychlý rozvoj internetu. V příspěvku jsou uvedeny základní principy činnosti vláknových laserů a některé jejich aplikace., Pavel Peterka, Pavel Honzátko, Miroslav Karásek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Optická vlákna nemusejí sloužit jen pro přenos informace. Pokud do tenkého jádra ve středu vlákna umístíme chemické prvky schopné laserové akce (stimulované emise záření), můžeme generovat velmi intenzivní a přitom kvalitní svazek záření. Vláknové lasery začínají nahrazovat starší typy laserů a otevírají zcela nové obzory v řadě oborů: od lékařství, řezání a sváření v průmyslu až po obranné systémy., Optical fibres also have applications outside the optical telecommunications sphere. If the thin core inside the optical fibre is doped with chemical elements capable of laser action (stimulated emision of radiation), one can generate a very intense and high quality beam of radiation. Fibre lasers have begun to replace older types of lasers and therefore, opens up new horizons in many fields ranging from medicine, industrial cutting and welding to defence., Pavel Peterka, Pavel Honzátko, Ivan Kašík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The purpose of this work was to detect groundwater pollution and to identify the conditions of soil and groundwater near the coal waste disposal "Panewniki" Halemba-Wirek Coal Mine using geoelectrical measurements. The firs t applied method was the VLF (Very Low Frequency) technique. This method, using military signals, allowed to perform the in-phase and the quadrature maps. Data were collected from four study areas located near the coal waste dump. Observed anomalies on both maps for each area showed places with different conductivity al lowed to detect the contaminated and uncontaminated zones. The VLF survey indicated that the contamination occurs in the eastern part of study area and is characterized by positive values of both measured electrical fields (the in-phase and the quadrature components). After preliminary contaminated zones were recognized using VLF met hod, an electrical imaging meth od was applied. Two electrical imaging profiles were carried out near the waste dump. The measurements a llowed to create the geoele ctrical model of surrounding area and to investigate the leachate plume. The electrical imaging showed that the greatest pollution occur in the area immediately adjacent to the coal waste what is confirmed by VL F survey. Based on the geological and ge ophysical knowledge from archives and on present researches, the contaminated aquifer with electrical resistivity of 5 to 15 Ω m deposited at depths of 3 to 7 m was found., Arlena Kowalska, Marta Kondracka and Maciej Jan Mendecki., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
V práci je prezentovaná problematika tvorby vol'ných radikálov kyslíka, ich elektrónovej štruktúry, vlastností a metódy detekcie. Pozornosť je venovaná poškodzujúcemu účinku vol'ných radikálov na nukleové kyseliny, proteíny a biologické membrány., The article is dealing with the topic of oxygen-containing free radicals, their electronic structure, properties and methods of detection. Attention is paid to chemical and biochemical aspects of these free radicals, i.e., the sources of their generation, the metal-mediated formation of the reactive species and the damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids initiated by them., Klaudia Jomová, Ľubomír Zelenický, Vlasta Brezová, Marián Valko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of the following study is to analyze Voltaire’s biography about Charles XII as an early part of Voltaire’s historiographical work and also to analyze the ideas of the Enlightenment the author used. The study also tries to answer the question which lesson a reader should get and which interpretations should be on the other hand avoided., Martin Liška., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In this paper, for complete Riemannian manifolds with radial Ricci or sectional curvature bounded from below or above, respectively, with respect to some point, we prove several volume comparison theorems, which can be seen as extensions of already existing results. In fact, under this radial curvature assumption, the model space is the spherically symmetric manifold, which is also called the generalized space form, determined by the bound of the radial curvature, and moreover, volume comparisons are made between annulus or geodesic balls on the original manifold and those on the model space., Jing Mao., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The contribution explores the Prague origines of the first Prague and Austrian female author of the Enlightenment, Maria Anna Sager, born Rosskoschny (1719-1805). The reconstruction of the carreer of her father Anton Ferdinand Rosskoschny (1679-1734) at the Böhmische Statthalterei - he ended as "Registrator" and "Expeditor" - proves his social ambitions. On the other hand egodocuments of him conserved in the National Archives at Prague reveal the sorrows and the "stress" of the wellestablished fonctioner, not only his fear in front of the people, but also for his reputation, his family and his soul., Helga Meise., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In the War of the Austrian Succession one of the major turning points was when Maria Theresa was crowned Queen of Bohemia, because this step strengthened the power of the Houseof Habsburg in Central Europe. For people who belonged to the Reformed Church in the Kingdom of Hungary, this meant that they had to live their lives under the rule of a Catholic monarch. Debrecen was the centre of the Reformed Church and the city prepared for this political situation: pastor Mihály Komáromi H. delivered a special sermon to celebrate the coronation. In this sermon he acknowledged the fact that the Habsburgs had right to the Hungarian throne and tried to use this political advantage to improve the situation of the Reformed Church. This sermon became so popular that a manuscript was made from it and it was a popular reading in the Reformed congregations of the countryside., Ádám Hegyi., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy