Tato studie se věnuje komentářům a glosám k první kapitole druhé knihy Boethiova Úvodu do aritmetiky, jejímiž autory v poslední čtvrtině 10. století byli Gerbert z Aurillacu (Scholium ad Boethii Arithmeticam Institutionem l. II, c. 1), Abbo z Fleury (komentář ke spisu Calculus od Viktorina z Akvitánie, tzv. De numero, mensura et pondere), Notker z Lutychu (De superparticularibus) a anonymní autor textu De arithmetica Boetii. Studie sleduje dva hlavní cíle: nejprve upozorňuje na to, že Boethiův text o převodu číselných posloupností na stejnost lze interpretovat dvěma rozdílnými způsoby, následně se zaměřuje na využití této problematiky v dalších svobodných uměních a při hraní deskové hry rithmomachie., This paper deals with commentaries and glosses to the first chapter of the second book of Boethius’s Introduction to Arithmetic written by Gerbert of Aurillac (Scholium ad Boethii Arithmeticae Institution l. II, c. 1), Abbo of Fleury (commentary on the Calculus of Victorius of Aquitaine, the so-called De numero, mensura et pondere), Notker of Liège (De superparticularibus) and by the anonymous author (the text De Arithmetica Boetii) in the last quarter of the 10th century. This paper follows two main topics: firstly, Boethius’s work implies possibility of double interpretations of converting numerical sequences to equality; secondly, applications of this topic in other liberal arts and in playing board game called rithmomachia., and Marek Otisk.
Ve velkém sále centrální budovy Bulharské akademie věd v Sofii se 11. listopadu 2014 uskutečnila vědecká konference Konstantin Ireček: istorik, dǎržavnik, obštestvenik, memoarist (Konstantin Jireček: historik, politik, veřejný činitel, memoárista), věnovaná 160. výročí jeho narození. Jednodenní zasedání připravily sofijské instituce Institut za istoričeski izsledvanija BAN, Nov bǎlgarski universitet a Sǎjuz na učenite v Bǎlgarija a zúčastnili se ho i badatelé z Akademie věd ČR. and Lubomíra Havlíková.
Evropská komise zveřejnila v dubnu 2015 výsledky veřejné konzultace na téma „Věda 2.0 - Měnící se věda“ („Science 2.0: Science in Transition“), která zhodnotila dosavadní tvorbu evropského výzkumu a organizace vědy. Aktéři jednání, kteří se podílejí na evropském výzkumném rámci, mohli od července do září 2014 vyjádřit názory na změny, jež umožnily vznik digitálních technologií a globalizaci vědecké komunity. and Lucia Krajčovicová.
Weathering and erosion of sandstone landscapes often results in many amazing landforms such as arches, alcoves (rock shelters), pedestal rocks and pillars. Long-term research has produced numerous contrasting ideas for the origin of these landforms. The presence of salt and/or occurrence of freezing water and/or similar potential weathering/erosion processes at site are common causes of these landforms. The effect of gravity loading stress has been overlooked or assumed to increase the landform’s weathering rate. Research at the Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics is based on field observations of locked sands and cemented sandstones and on physical experiments, followed by a numerical modelling. This may be the first time that the landforms cited above were reproduced in laboratory experiments. The Institute interpreted its findings by a novel mechanical model called “the concept of locus of fabric instability.” The results clearly show that an increase in stress within the landform (fabric interlocking) reduces weathering and erosion. Material with insufficient loading is rapidly removed by that weathering process and the remaining load bearing landform structure is protected by the fabric interlocking mechanism. The Institute concludes that its research that planar discontinuities in sandstone and negative feedback between stress and weathering/erosion processes are sufficient conditions to create landforms. and Michal Filippi, Jana Schweigstillová.
A major reform in the reign of Joseph II was the establishment in 1786 of the provincial building directorates, through which the court aimed to regulate all public building works in the monarchy. Although the original aim of unifying building regulations throughout the realm was never achieved, the reform was a success and remained in force, with a few minor amendments, until the revolutionary year of 1848. One reason for its success was the elite corps of civil engineers who staffed these institutions. This study looks at advances in technical education, especially engineering, in the Habsburg monarchy from the beginning of the 18th century and the emergence of the Collegia Nobilia, or elite colleges, where graduates were prepared for a career in the Imperial Army. Besides military architecture, the colleges also taught the fundamentals of civil engineering, turning out some of the best‐trained creators of early modern architecture. The development and nature of this elite engineering training is examined with reference to the engineering academies of Prague, Vienna and Olomouc. In all three cases we stress the colleges’ status within the state framework, and their evolution in the light of changing official doctrine and methods of instruction. In all three cases it is clear that during the latter half of the 18th century the original ‘aristocratic’ colleges began to decline and were slowly replaced by similar state‐controlled establishments. As a first step, the court of Joseph II introduced a specialized course in practical architecture at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. From around 1800 this model was gradually superseded by the progressive French‐style polytechnic, a modified version of which remains the standard model for technical education to this day., Michal Konečný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article focuses on the possible uses of genealogical computer programs in historical-demographical studies. It describes the user interface of selected genealogical program Ihiksoft Lineage 4.0 and its advantages for the use of methods of historical demography. At the end there are presented the results of the case study of the manor Škvorec, where the method of the reconstitution of families was applied precisely using this genealogical program., Barbora Kuprová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Cíl. Autoři v článku shrnují nejrozšířenější postupy testování neuropsychologického konstruktu figurální fluence a představují základní východiska pro tvorbu Olomouckého testu figurální fluence. Soubor a design studie. Celkem bylo Olomouckým testem figurální fluence vyšetřeno 215 osob. U osob starších 60 let byl proveden screening syndromu demence metodami ACECZ a MMSE. Studie zahrnula tři soubory: 146 dobrovolníků neklinické populace bez známek kognitivního deficitu, 39 osob s rizikem kognitivního deficitu (pozitivní screening syndromu demence prostřednictvím MMSE a ACE-CZ) a 30 pacientů s prokázaným syndromem demence. Tyto soubory byly porovnány s ohledem na základní parametry Olomouckého testu figurální fluence., a2_Statistická analýza a výsledky. Chronologický věk u neklinické populace koreluje statisticky signifikantně negativně s celkovým výkonem v testu a s počtem perseverací, a statisticky významně pozitivně s počtem let vzdělávání. Mezi výkonem žen a mužů nebyl zjištěn statisticky významný rozdíl. Index celkového výkonu statisticky významně odlišuje výkon neklinické populace od populace rizikové a klinické. U osob starších 60 let existuje statisticky významná pozitivní korelace mezi celkovým výkonem v testu a screeningovými testy na syndrom demence. Dílčí proměnné autoři diskutují s ohledem na potřeby klinické praxe. Limity studie. Mezi limity studie patří nenáhodný výběr motivované populace dobrovolníků a nevyrovnané zastoupení osob ve věkovém rozpětí 31–50 let vzhledem k počtu osob v dalších věkových skupinách., b1_Objectives. The authors try to summarize the most influential possibilities for testing the neuropsychological construct of figural fluency. Sample and setting. 215 persons were assessed by Olomouc test of figural fluency. Persons older than 60 years were screened for syndrome of dementia by methods ACE-CZ and MMSE. In the study, three samples were used: 146 volunteers of nonclinical population without evidence of cognitive deficit, 39 of those at risk of cognitive deficit (positive screening for sy. dementia through the MMSE and ACE-CZ) and 30 patients with proven sy. dementia. These samples were compared with respect to the basic parameters of the Olomouc figural fluency test., b2_Statistical analysis and results. It was found that chronological age in non-clinical population is statistically significantly negatively correlated with the overall performance of the test and the number of perseveration, and significantly positively with the number of years of education. Performance of women and men is not statistically different. Index of overall performance statistically significantly differentiates performance of non-clinical population and both clinical populations. Among persons aged over 60 years statistically significant positive correlation of overall performance in the test and screening tests for dementia syndrome was found. Partial variables are discussed syndrome the needs of clinical practice. Study limitations. Among limits of the study non-randomized selection of research population and unequal distribution of participants in the age range 31-50 years due to the number of persons in other age groups can be mentioned., Martin Lečbych., and Obsahuje seznam literatury