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42. Benthic communities in inland salinized waters with different salinities and nutrient concentrations and the ecology of Chironomus aprilinus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Czech Republic

Creator:
Josef Matěna, Šímová, Iva, Jakub Brom, and Novotná, Kateřina
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, pakomárovití, těžba uhlí, oplodnění, Diptera, Chironomidae, coal mining, fertilization (biology), Chironomus aprilinus, hydric restoration, saline inland waters, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The macrozoobenthos in saline pools at dumps in a former coal mining area was studied over a period of two years. Due to specific environmental conditions these pools are unique in the Czech Republic. Extremely high values of salinity (up to 11‰) along with a low concentration of dissolved phosphorus (0.01-0.1 mg.l-1) are typical of some of the water in this area. The pools were grouped into three categories based on their conductivity values and treated using cow dung, municipal wastewater treatment sludge and inorganic NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) fertilizer at doses recommended for carp ponds. The application of fertilizer had a positive effect on the density and biomass of all the groups in the macrozoobenthos. The highest and the lowest increases in macrozoobenthos biomass were recorded after the application of NPK and cow dung, respectively. However, the application of fertilizer had no effect on the diversity of macrozoobenthos. Chironomus aprilinus, recorded in the Czech Republic for the first time, inhabited all pools with conductivity ranges of between 5,000-16,000 µS.cm-1. The density of C. aprilinus larvae increased with increasing salinity reaching a maximum of about 17,083 ind.m-2 (biomass - 82 g.m-2). Analysis of C. aprilinus phenology revealed a bivoltine pattern with the summer generation of larvae reaching a maximum in June-July and the overwintering generation in October to November., Josef Matěna, Iva Šínová, Jakub Brom, Kateřina Novotná., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

43. Bezkontaktní vodivostní detektor pro kapilární elektroforézu

Creator:
Kubáň, Pavel
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, analytická chemie, elektroforéza, detekce (chemie), analytical chemistry, electrophoresis, detection (chemistry), 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pavel Kubáň.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

44. Bezobratlí - jejich výuka a výzkum na Univerzitě Karlově v Praze

Creator:
Jan Buchar
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, Univerzita Karlova., Katedra systematické zoologie, 19.-21. století, bezobratlí, studium a výuka, přírodovědný výzkum, zoologové, invertebrates, study and teaching, natural science research, zoologists, čeští zoologové, czech zoologists, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Jan Buchar.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

45. Bezobratlí na katedře ekologie Přírodovědecké fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze

Creator:
Jan Fott
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, Univerzita Karlova., Katedra ekologie, ekologie, přírodovědný výzkum, bezobratlí, ecology, natural science research, invertebrates, univerzitní výzkum, university research, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Jan Fott.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

46. Biliary system architecture: experimental models and visualization techniques

Creator:
Sarnova, L. and Gregor, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, cholestáza, vizualizace (počítačová grafika), morfologie (biologie), cholestasis, visualization (computer graphics), morphology (biology), biliary system, mouse model, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The complex architecture of the liv er biliary network represents a structural prerequisite for the formation and secretion of bile as well as excretion of toxic substances through bile ducts. Disorders of the biliary tract affect a significant portion of the worldwide population, often leading to cholestatic liver diseases. Cholestatic liver disease is a condition that results from an impairment of bile formation or bile flow to the gallbladder and duodenum. Cholestasis leads to dramatic changes in biliary tree architecture, worsening liver disease and systemic illness. Recent studies show that the preva lence of cholestatic liver diseases is increasing. The availability of well characterized animal models, as well as development of visualization approaches constitutes a critical asset to develop novel pathogenetic concepts and new treatment strategies., L. Sarnova, M. Gregor., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

47. Bilirubin and atherosclerotic diseases

Creator:
Libor Vítek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, bilirubin, ateroskleróza, kardiovaskulární nemoci, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, benign hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Bilirubin is the final product of heme catabolism in the systemic circulation. For decades, increased serum/plasma bilirubin levels were considered an ominous sign of an underlying liver disease. However, data from recent years convincin gly suggest that mildly elevated bilirubin concentrations are as sociated with protection against various oxidative stress-mediated diseases, atherosclerotic conditions being the most clinically relevant. Although scarce data on beneficial effects of bilirubin had been published also in the past, it took until 1994 when the first clinical study demonstrated an increased risk of coronary heart disease in subjects with low serum bilirubin levels, and bilirubin was found to be a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases independent of standard risk factors. Consistent with t hese results, we proved in our own studies, that subjects with mild elevation of serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (benign hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome) have much lower prevalence/incidence of cor onary heart as well as peripher al vascular disease. We have also demonstrated that this association is even more general, with serum bilirubin being a biomarker of numerous other diseases, often associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, very recent data have demonst rated biological pathways modulated by bilirubin, which are responsible for observed strong clinical associations., L. Vítek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

48. Biodiversity - economy or ecology? Long-term study of changes in the biodiversity of aphids living in steppe-like grasslands in Central Europe

Creator:
Osiadacz, Barbara, Hałaj, Roman, and Chmura, Damian
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, polokřídlí, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, bio-ecological groups, community structure, protected habitats, loss of biodiversity, human impact, NMDS methods, regional hotspots, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
This paper examines the changes in the species composition of aphids living in dry calcareous grasslands in Central Europe over a 25-year period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of this type in the world that takes into account both previous and current data on species richness as well as groups of aphids that are distinguishable on the basis of biological and ecological criteria such as host-alternation and feeding types, life cycle, ecological niche, symbiosis with ants and their ecological functional groups. Over the period of more than 25 years, there has been a significant decrease in aphid α-diversity, from 171 to 105 species. The gain, which is in species not previously recorded, was 17 taxa. The loss of biodiversity occurred despite the fact that these habitats are protected and are valuable regional biodiversity hotspots. The losses are mostly related to intensive human activity in adjacent areas, which, unfortunately, has resulted in the isolation of these small, protected environmental islands by the removal of ecological corridors. Since, as is shown in this study, the frequencies between individual biological and ecological groups of aphids have been retained, it would be possible to restrict this loss of biodiversity if appropriate actions are taken., Barbara Osiadacz, Roman Hałaj, Damian Chmura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

49. Biological parameters of Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) reared in the laboratory on two diets

Creator:
Zawadneak, Maria A. C., Gonçalves, Rodrimar B., Poltronieri, Alex S., Santos, Bráulio, Bischoff, Adélia M., Borba, Aline M., and Pimentel, Ida C.
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, jahody, rozmnožování (biologie), butterflies, strawberries, reproduction, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Duponchelia fovealis, European pepper moth, artificial diet, life cycle, development, biological parameters, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Duponchelia fovealis Zeller is a polyphagous insect that has been recently reported attacking strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne). Despite its economic importance there are few studies on this pest because it is difficult to rear it in the laboratory. With a constant supply of insects, studies on alternative methods of pest control can be conducted. This study aimed at developing an artificial diet for rearing D. fovealis with biological characteristics similar to those reared on their natural diet. This study was carried out in a climate-controlled room (25°C ± 2°C, RH 70% ± 10%, and 14L : 10D). The natural diet consisted of 'San Andreas' strawberry leaves (D1), while the artificial diet (D2) was developed in which beans, casein, soy protein, yeast and wheat germ are used as sources of protein. Five instars were identified. D. fovealis completed its life cycle in 38 and 40 days when fed D1 and D2, respectively. Survival was highest for the larvae fed the artificial diet. Females fed D1 lay a mean of 300.2 ± 62.3 eggs, while those fed D2, 220.3 ± 41.8 eggs. The artificial diet is suitable for the continuous rearing of D. fovealis in the laboratory., Maria A. C. Zawadneak, Rodrimar B. Gonçalves, Alex S. Poltronieri, Bráulio Santos, Adélia M. Bischoff, Aline M. Borba, Ida C. Pimentel., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

50. Biologické invaze a paraziti - příběh raků a račího moru

Creator:
Eva Kozubíková
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, raci, parazitologie, crayfish, parasitology, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Severoameričtí raci (např. rak pruhovaný a rak signální vyskytující se i v ČR) jsou příkladem invazních živočichů, jejichž invazní potenciál je zesílen přenosem onemocnění nebezpečného pro příbuzné druhy z jiných geografických oblastí. Původcem nemoci, tzv. račího moru, je Aphanomyces astaci ze skupiny Oomycetes způsobující úhyny celých populací evropských raků. Račí mor se v Evropě vyskytuje už od 19. století a i v současnosti zůstává přes intenzívní výzkum jedním z nejvýznamnějších faktorů ohrožujících původní raky (u nás jde o raka říčního a raka kamenáče, u nichž bylo jen od roku 2004 zaznamenáno deset případů zdecimování populací touto nemocí)., North American crayfish species such as the Spiny-cheek Crayfish and the Signal Crayfish are examples of invasive animals with an ability to carry and transmit a disease lethal to their relatives from other parts of the world. The disease called the crayfish plague and caused by Aphanomyces astaci (Oomycetes) may eradicate whole populations of the indigenous European crayfish. The disease is known in Europe from the 19th century and despite intensive research it is still one of the main factors endangering indigenous crayfish., and Eva Kozubíková-Balcarová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public