Considering the preexisting influence of the process of natural aging on antioxidant enzymes activity and the level of lipid peroxidation, the age of the rats at which D-galactose (D-gal) treatment is started could strongly impact the development of D-gal induced senescence. To eval uate this, we subjected 1, 3 and 15 months old rats to D-gal treatment in parallel with having appropriate placebos (0.9 % saline). Our results showed elevated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) acti vity and no significant changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity or malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in relation to natural aging. In mature and aged senescent livers we observed positive correlation between increased ratio R=SOD/(GPx+CAT) and increased MDA concentration. MDA levels seemed to correlate positively with the age of the animals at which D-gal treatment had started. In the case of 3 and 15 months old rats there was D-gal induced decrease in SOD and GR activity, but this effect of the treatment was not observed in 1 month old rats. Our results imply that the changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities are not only under the influence of the D-gal overload, but also depend on the developmental stage of the rats. According to our resu lts, with regard to enzymatic antioxidant capacity and the level of lipid peroxidation, the best age for induction of senescence is somewhere after the third month., N. Hadzi-Petrushev, V. Stojkovski, D. Mitrov, M. Mladenov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
An n × n sign pattern A is said to be potentially nilpotent if there exists a nilpotent real matrix B with the same sign pattern as A. Let D_{n,r} be an n × n sign pattern with 2 \geqslant r \geqslant n such that the superdiagonal and the (n, n) entries are positive, the (i, 1) (i = 1,..., r) and (i, i − r + 1) (i = r + 1,..., n) entries are negative, and zeros elsewhere. We prove that for r \geqslant 3 and n \geqslant 4r − 2, the sign pattern D_{n,r} is not potentially nilpotent, and so not spectrally arbitrary., Yanling Shao, Yubin Gao, Wei Gao., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Úvod: Česká republika zaujímá v incidenci kolorektálního karcinomu (KRK) čelní místo ve světě. Radikální odstranění nádoru představuje nejúčinnější část v rámci současné multimodální terapie. Autoři prezentují průběžné výsledky roboticky asistované léčby u nemocných s karcinomem rekta (KR). Metoda: Vlastní soubor obsahuje 61 roboticky operovaných pacientů pro KR. U posledních 31 pacientů byla data získávána prospektivně. Analyzovány byly epidemiologické údaje, perioperační ukazatele, komplikace a onkologické parametry. Výsledky: Roboticky asistovanou operační léčbu pro karcinom rekta na našem pracovišti podstoupilo 61 nemocných: 34 mužů a 27 žen průměrného věku 62 let (33–80 let). Neoadjuvantní onkologická léčba byla indikována u 46 % pacientů. Průměrná krevní ztráta činila 187 ml, u tří nemocných byly podány transfuzní přípravky. Šest operací jsme byli nuceni konvertovat, u 16 pacientů jsme zaznamenali komplikace. Insuficience anastomózy se vyskytla u 10 % pacientů, u 4 nemocných si stav vyžádal operační léčbu. Žádný nemocný nezemřel. Rekurenci maligního onemocnění jsme diagnostikovali u 3 (5 %) pacientů. U 27 nemocných byla (od roku 2013) stanovena kvalita mezorektální excize (ME) a metrické stanovení cirkumferentního resekčního okraje – (y)pCRO. Ve dvou případech byla potvrzena pozitivita (y)pCRO a přibližně u čtvrtiny operantů nebyla ME kompletní. Závěr: Chirurgická léčba je v interdisciplinárním terapeutickém procesu u KR klíčová. Naše průběžné výsledky jsou srovnatelné se závěry některých literárně uveřejněných sdělení. Da Vinci systém je bezpečným manipulátorem v léčbě KR a operatérovi přináší nesporné výhody při preparaci ve stísněném pánevním prostoru. V současnosti chybí zhodnocení přínosu robotické operativy pro pacienta v oblasti břišní chirurgie z dlouhodobého hlediska a s dostatečným počtem operantů, resp. vysokým stupněm evidence based medicine (EBM). Vysoká pořizovací cena přístroje, jednotlivých instrumentů s vybavením a nesystémová úhrada představují významnou překážku v širším využití robotického systému v léčbě KR i jiných abdominálních malignit v ČR., Introduction: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Czech Republic is reported to be one of the highest on the global scale. Radical tumor removal has been observed to be the most effective part in the context of current multimodal therapy. The authors present their preliminary results of robotic assisted treatment of rectal carcinoma (RC). Method: The observed group includes 61 patients who underwent robotic assisted treatment for rectal cancer. The data were collected prospectively in the last 31 patients. Analyses were conducted on epidemiological data, perioperative outcomes, complications and oncological results. Results: Robotic assisted treatment of RC was performed in 61 patients: 34 men and 27 women, mean age of 62 years (33–80). Neoadjuvant oncological treatment was indicated in 46% of the patients. Average blood loss was 187 ml, transfusions were administered in three cases. Conversion to open procedure was performed 6 times, and 16 patients had postoperative complications. Anastomotic leak was observed in 10% of the patients, and 4 patients undewent surgical treatment. No patient died. Local recurrence of the cancer was diagnosed in 3 (5%) patients. The quality of mesorectal excision (ME) and the circumferential resection margin [(y)pCRM] have been determined in 27 patients since 2013. Positive (y)pCRM was recorded in two cases and incomplete ME was observed in 25.8% of the patients. Conclusion: Surgical treatment for RC is pivotal in multimodal therapy. Our preliminary results are similar to the conclusions in other published studies. The da Vinci robotic system is a safe manipulator in the treatment of RC and provides indisputable benefits to the surgeon when operating in the narrow pelvic space. However, the benefits of robotic treatment in abdominal surgery are yet to be evaluated in patients (with respect to long-term results, sufficient number of patients or a high EBM level of evidence). The high purchase price of the robotic device, individual instruments with equipment and non-systemic compensation constitute a significant hindrance that prevents wider use of the robotic system in the treatment of RC and other abdominal malignancies in the Czech Republic., and D. Langer, J. Kalvach, I. Tučková, J. Pudil, K. Menclová, M. Ryska
Glucose is molecule usually studied in relation to metabolism. Except for this traditional view, it is known that under certain conditions glucose can serve as a signal molecule for the circadian system. The circadian system is entrained by relevant synchronizing cues that can be tissue-dependent. Central oscillator is synchronized mainly by light-dark cycle, while peripheral oscillators can be entrained by food intake. Glucose transport in the organism is controlled by insulin dependent and independent mechanism. Therefore, we employed streptozotocin- induced diabetes to elucidate the influence of metabolic changes on glucose transporter ( glut1, glut4 ) 24-h expression profile in peripheral oscillators in tissues, inside (frontal cortex, cerebellum) and outside (heart) the blood-b rain barrier. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin inje ction. Seventeen days later, sampling was performed during a 24-h cycle. Gene expression was measured using real-time PCR. We observed down- regulation of glut1 and glut4 expression in the heart of diabetic rats. The expression of glut1 and glut4 in brain areas was not down-regulated, however, we ob served trend to phase advance in glut1 expression in the cerebellum. These results may indicate higher glucose levels in diabetic brain, which might influence regulation of clock gene expressi on in different manner in brain compared to periphery., D. Šoltésová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim of this study was to look for changes in the daily profile of steroid hormones after standardized food intake. Eight young women not taking contraceptives were followed from 5:30 a.m. till 9:30 p.m. before and 1 and 2 h after eating breakfast, snack, lunch, the second snack and dinner. The differences in steroid levels before and after meals were evaluated. As expected, glucose, C-peptide and ghrelin levels changed postprandially. The steroid hormones cortisol, progesterone, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone showed a decrease after main meals, whereas testosterone and dihydrotestosterone showed no significant dependence on food intake. Estrogen levels did not exhibit a significant nycthemeral rhythm, but estradiol decreased after main meals. In our study the known nycthemeral rhythm of LH, FSH, cortisol, progesterone and pregnenolone after food intake were confirmed, but significant changes after meals were also observed in the levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol and SHBG., B. Rácz, M. Dušková, K. Vondra, M. Šrámková, M. Hill, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A daily rhythm in the oscillations of pineal dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine content was found in male Wistar:Han rats. The acrophases of the oscillations were localized in the first half of the dark period and generally higher values were found in the dark part of the day., I. Ahlers, B. Pástorová, P. Solár, E. Ahlersová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studies of insect population under field conditions to establish survival rates, longevity and dispersal rates are rare in the literature. These types of studies are important and can be used to inform studies of the effects of landscape composition and configuration on levels of biodiversity. Here the Cantharidae beetle, Rhagonycha fulva is studied under field conditions to derive estimates of daily survival rates for both males and females as well as local dispersal rates. Survival was studied at two sites, one in Wales and another in England, whilst dispersal was examined only at the Welsh site. Beetles were marked using different coloured enamel paints at the mid-point of a 200 m linear transect. The beetles were almost exclusively found (and marked) on common hogweed, Heracleum sphondylium. No difference in survival was found between males and females at both of the sites. The survival rates found at the two sites also did not differ. The overall daily survival rate was 0.771 equating with a median longevity of 4.37 days. Casual observations yielded a small number of marked individuals in excess of 400 m away from the point of marking. Movement of males along the transect differed from females. Marked females were never found far from the point of marking whilst males moved further away with time. This difference in behaviour is discussed in terms of hypothesized insect dispersal behaviour following emergence as mobile adults., Laura E. Rodwell, Jennifer J. Day, Christopher W. Foster, Graham J. Holloway., and Obsahuje bibliografii