Current data on reproductive biology and population dynamics of the acanthocephalans are scarce mainly in regions from the tropical Pacific. An analysis was done to identify possible factors that influence variation in infection levels of the acanthocephalan Pseudoleptorhynchoides lamothei Salgado-Maldonado, 1976 in its final host, the blue sea catfish Ariopsis guatemalensis (Günther, 1864), and describe its main reproductive traits. A total of 1,094 A. guatemalensis were collected from Tres Palos Lagoon from August 2014 to December 2015. Prevalence of P. lamothei varied from 1.47% to 38.33%, and mean abundance from 0.03 to 4.44 helminths per examined host. In female P. lamothei relative fecundity increased with total length. Temporal variations in P. lamothei infection levels were attributed mainly to changes in host feeding and reproductive behaviour in response to local environmental factors as climatic season, and variations in water temperature., Dolores I. Carpio-Hernández, Juan Violante-González, Scott Monks, Agustín A. Rojas-Herrera, Sergio García-Ibáñez, Jeiri Toribio-Jiménez and Himmer Castro-Mondragón., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The tendency for self-superparasitism and it's effects on the quality of the parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in parasitizing a new laboratory host, Philosamia ricini (Danovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), were investigated. In this study, female parasitoids of various ages (1-, 3- and 5-day-old) were tested individually. Parasitoids were provided with 1-day-old P. ricini eggs at ratios of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 host eggs per wasp. The tendency to superparasitize was dependent on the female's age and host density. Five-day-old females showed a strong tendency to superparasitize at low host densities. The development time of wasps in superparasitized eggs was longer than that of wasps in singly parasitized eggs. The size and longevity of adult parasitoids decreased significantly with superparasitism. This work contributes to the development of an efficient mass rearing and laboratory rearing of the parasitoid O. pityocampae using a new host., Hilal Tunca, Maurane Buradino, Etty-Ambre Colombel, Elisabeth Tabone., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tento článek se věnuje historickému kontextu vzniku a přijetí teorému Cauchyho-Kowalevské a teorému Noetherové, dvou jedinečných výsledků, které zásadně ovlivnily moderní matematiku i matematickou a teoretickou fyziku. Autorkami těchto teorémů jsou dvě ženy, Sofie Kowalevská a Emmy Noetherová, které si v době, kdy ženy jen stěží dosahovaly vyššího vzdělání, svým talentem, houževnatostí a úsilím dokázaly vybojovat místo ve vědeckém světě a navždy se zapsaly do historie přírodních věd., The article covers the historical context ot the establishment and recognition of the Cauchy-Kowalevsky theorem and Noether theorem, two unique research results, which have essentially influenced modern mathematics, and mathematical and theoretical physics. The authors of theorems are two women, Sofie Kowalevsky and Emmy Noether who in a time when women barely reached higher education, achieved positions in the scientific world and forever influenced the history of natural sciences., Eliška Beránková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V oblasti magnetického cielenia buniek, liečiv alebo génov, využívajúc princíp magnetickej separácie vel'kým gradientom, boli navrhnuté a teoreticky analyzované nové systémy, ako aj jednoduché usporiadania magnetov, už skôr študované Halbachovo pole. Na modelovanie magnetického pol'a sa s úspechom použiva metóda konečných prvkov. Táto metóda je predmetom tohto referátu. Novým potenciálnym systémom na magnetickú separáciu v mikrometrických rozemroch je nami študované pole s ve'lkým gradientom v okolí mikrometrických diskov zo silného feromagnetika v pôvodne homogénnom poli. Bol určený približný efektívny dosah takéhoto systému v prípade nanočastíc rádovo v mikrometroch. Obdobná analýza bola vykonaná aj pre magnetické částice v prúdiacom viskóznom tekutom prostredí. Účinná separácia, resp. cielenie, v prípade malých magnetov milimetrových rozmerov v priamom kontakte s kapilárou bola dosiahnutá pre mikročastice. V podobných systémoch v centimetrových rozemroch boli pozorované porovnatel'né výsledky. Kombinácia vel'kejj intenzity a gradientu je dosiahnutá len v blízkom okolí magnetov. Väčší dosah bol pozorovaný v prípade študovaného symetrického Halbachovho pol'a., The magnetic particles play an important role as magnetic drug, gene or cell carriers, in biomedicine and biotechnology. Their combination with a strongly non-homogeneous magnetic field is considered as a powerful way to target them to desired sites in living organism. It is important to know the potential applicability of these systems for magnetic drug targeting in living organism. For these purposes we have developed and evaluated a numerical model of magnetic targeting using finite element method applied to solve Maxwell equations describing electromagnetic field coupled with Newton law of particle motion., Andrej Krafčík, Melánia Babincová, Peter Babinec., and Obsahuje bibliografii