In this article it is argued that one of the main problems in data analysis is an over-emphasis on statistical rather than substantive significance. Statistical significance reports the improbability of specific outcomes from sample data using a null hypothesis. In contrast, substantive significance is concerned with the real-world meaning of data modelling results for a population, regardless of p value, where an effect size estimator is used for evaluation. The argument presented in this article begins with a consideration of how substantive significance may be defined. Thereafter, there is a summary of the literature on substantive significance and its measurement using a variety of effect size estimators, many of which are little known to researchers. This article also examines the topics of economic and clinical significance. In the conclusion, this study discusses attempts to synthesise different concepts of substantive significance and recommends some practical usage of these concepts., Petr Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Let F be a finite field of characteristic p and K a field which contains a primitive pth root of unity and char K ≠ p. Suppose that a classical group G acts on the F-vector space V. Then it can induce the actions on the vector space \left [ V\bigoplus V \right ] and on the group algebra K\left [ V\bigoplus V \right ], respectively. In this paper we determine the structure of G-invariant ideals of the group algebra K\left [ V\bigoplus V \right ], and establish the relationship between the invariant ideals of K[V] and the vector invariant ideals of K\left [ V\bigoplus V \right ], and establish the relationship between the invariant ideals of K[V] and the vector invariant ideals of K\left [ V\bigoplus V \right ], if G is a unitary group or orthogonal group. Combining the results obtained by Nan and Zeng (2013), we solve the problem of vector invariant ideals for all classical groups over finite fields., Lingli Zeng, Jizhu Nan., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The annual Villa Lanna Meetings of Science, or Else? are organized by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Collegium Helveticum, an Institute supported by both the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH) and the University of Zurich. They bring together scientists from different fields of research to discuss general aspects of science, the position of science in society and its consequences to humanity. This year, now the 10th meeting was held in Prague from 11-13 January, its topic was Reproducibility - Arts, Science and Living Nature. More information can be found in an interview with Professor Pliška and in an article about Professor Havel. and Ivan M. Havel.