Gliptiny jsou látky ovlivňující inkretinový systém prostřednictvím inhibice dipeptidylpeptidázy IV. Jejich účinnost byla prokázána v monoterapii i v kombinaci s metforminem, ve které působí synergicky, z čehož lze usuzovat na lepší kontrolu diabetu. V rámci tohoto krátkého přehledu je poukazováno na současné trendy týkající se jejich preskripce v České republice. Klíčová slova: diabetes mellitus – dipeptidylpeptidáza IV – gliptiny – perorální antidiabetika, Gliptins are well recognized substances modulating incretin system via inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Their efficacy was demonstrated both in monotherapy and in combination with metformin, where they act synergistically. Hence, a better control of diabetes might be assumed. This short article aims to show current trends in their prescription in the Czech Republic. Key words: diabetes mellitus – dipeptidylpeptidase IV – gliptins – oral antidiabetics, and Jiří Slíva, Martin Prázný
Since 2002, the US-German GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission has been providing a precise survey of the Earth's time-variable gravity field, with unprecedented temporal and spatial sampling. GRACE time-variable gravity fields provide a means of measuring the temporal and spatial variations of mass redistribution within the Earth system. The GRACE mission has started a new era in studying a series of geophysical problems ranging from deep Earth structure to tracking mass redistribution on and near the surface of the Earth. Time variability of the gravity field presented here is based on the transformation of “monthly gravity field models” to the geoid. We show the changes caused by the global water cycle and land hydrology., Jan Kostelecký, Aleš Bezděk and Jaroslav Klokočník., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ian W.H. Parry., Popsáno podle obálky, Pod názvem: Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education. Faculty of Social Sciences. Charles University, and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Earth’s climate has experienced notable changes during the past 50-70 years when global surface temperature has risen by 0.8°C during the 20th century. This was a consequence of the rise in the concentration of biogenic gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone) in the atmosphere that contribute, along with water vapor, to the so-called ‘greenhouse effect’. Most of the emissions of greenhouse gases have been, and still are, the product of human activities, namely, the excessive use of fossil energy, deforestations in the humid tropics with associated poor land use-management, and wide-scale degradation of soils under crop cultivation and animal/pasture ecosystems. General Circulation Models predict that atmospheric CO2 concentration will probably reach 700 μmol(CO2) mol-1. This can result in rise of Earth’s temperature from 1.5 to over 5°C by the end of this century. This may instigate 0.60-1.0 m rise in sea level, with impacts on coastal lowlands across continents. Crop modeling predicts significant changes in agricultural ecosystems. The mid- and
high-latitude regions might reap the benefits of warming and CO2 fertilization effects via increasing total production and yield of C3 plants coupled with greater water-use efficiencies. The tropical/subtropical regions will probably suffer the worst impacts of global climate changes. These impacts include wide-scale socioeconomic changes, such as degradation and losses of natural resources, low agricultural production, and lower crop yields, increased risks of hunger, and above all waves of human migration and dislocation. Due to inherent cassava tolerance to heat, water stress, and poor soils, this crop is highly adaptable to warming climate. Such a trait should enhance its role in food security in the tropics and subtropics., M. A. El-Sharkawy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
March 1st was a unique occasion for meeting a Czech member of the European Parliament, Dr. Vladimír Špidla, and listening to his speech and opinions on globalization and related problems. The discussion which followed showed that the most biting problems are politics, culture and socio-economic aspects of globalization. and Připravil Marek Hrubec.