Four precise leveling campaigns has been carried out in Poland, and for several years there is a functioning system of permanent GNSS stations determining the height of network points. On the basis of these data, several variants of vertical crustal movements models have been developed (Wyrzykowski, 1987; Kowalczyk, 2005; Kontny and Bogusz, 2012). In order to develop a kinematic model of vertical crustal movements, one of the possibilities is an adjustment of the network formed simultaneously with the leveling data and GNSS stations data. The main problem is a need to identify fiducial points between the datasets. This problem can be solved by creation of coherent database containing attributes of both types of data and automatization of the joint point identification process. The article shows the results of such identification process, depending on the amount of data, on the example of the area of Poland. and Bednarczyk Michal, Kowalczyk Kamil, Kowalczyk Anna.
he surface proteins of trophic (vacuolar and ameboid forms) and cyst forms of two axcnic Blastocystis hominis Brumpt, 1912 isolates were studied. The surface proteins of both forms were biotin-labeled and the soluble proteins from unlabeied and biolin-labcled cells were clcctrophoresed in 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels under reducing conditions. The clcctrophoresed proteins from biolinylated cells were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and the avidin-peroxidase-labeled complex was used to identify the surface proteins. In trophic forms, 26 of the 38 soluble proteins, with MW ranging between 30 and >200 kDa, were identified as surface proteins. In cyst forms, 15 of Ihe 29 soluble proteins, with MW ranging between 30 and 193 kDa, were considered as located on the surface of cysts. The comparative analysis of surface protein profiles of both forms showed the presence of a common pattern, composed of 13 bands, and the characteristic proteins of trophic (36, 44, 46, 51, 70, 74, 76, 92, 98, 101, 166, 176 and >200 kDa) and cyst forms (42 and 193 kDa).
V roce 2015 se na internetu v České republice zvedla vlna nenávistných projevů proti migrantům, zejména muslimského původu. Tento článek prezentuje výsledky výzkumu nenávistných projevů vůči migrantům a uprchlíkům na Facebooku v České republice v létě 2015. Za pomoci kombinované metody analýzy využívající automatický sběr dat a následnou manuální triangulaci výsledků bylo možné odpovědět na některé základní otázky o procesu vytváření a šíření nenávistných projevů na Facebooku. Je zřejmé, že vlna nenávistných projevů proti migrantům v roce 2015 byla cíleně i nezamýšleně podpořena společnými aktivitami různých uživatelů Facebooku (především mužů ve středním věku příslušejících ke střední střídě), propagandistickými aktivitami extremistických skupin, zpravodajstvím masmédií a také designem samotné komunikační platformy., The increased influx of refugees and migrants to the EU in 2015 has been followed by a noticeable presence of online hate speech against migrants in many countries across Europe. The article presents the results of a study of hate speech proliferation on Facebook in the Czech Republic during the summer of 2015. Its goal is to identify the producers of hate speech and determine their social background, explore the main channels of hate speech proliferation, determine the specific groups of migrants targeted by hate speech, put the hate speech in the context of online political communication, and discuss the role of media and politicians in the process of hate speech proliferation. With regard to the works of Castells, Skocpol or Bennett and Segerberg, online hate speech can be perceived as an extreme variety of new, rapidly evolving modes of political communication as such. Social and political activism has been shifting from membership-based organizations and parties towards flexible movements and initiatives with strong emphasis on the logic of identity politics. People may or may not engage in hate speech production as lone independent actors, but they still perceive their actions as part of larger collective efforts. When we focus on hate speech as a form of civic activism or networking, new interesting patterns can emerge. The study is based on a mixed-method analysis; computer-assisted data collection via the Social Insider software tool was further triangulated by random sampling and subsequent manual coding and analysis of selected Facebook posts, comments and other content. The question of reception and influence of hate speech was largely omitted from the analysis, due both to the research methods chosen and to the inherently cyclical nature of social network communication. Hate speech itself was identified according to a custom-made definition based on various existing legal definitions and scholarly perspectives of legal and media science. The results of the analysis indicate that the wave of hate speech against migrants was aggravated both intentionally and coincidentally by the combined forces of disparate Facebook users, extremist groups´ propaganda, news media and the design of the social network itself. As for the social background of frequent producers of hate speech, there was a strong prevalence of middle-aged and middle-class males, and a significant under-representation of both elderly and young Facebook users. The majority of the hate speech content was produced and spread in small-scale communication exchanges, i.e. under articles posted on individual user profiles etc. The communication activities of larger, well-organized populist groups, political parties or communities were visibly present, but they did not play a significant part in the hate speech production itself - although their possible involvement in agenda setting cannot be underestimated. All the datasets indicated that a vast majority of the hate speech in the given time period was aimed either against migrants in general or Muslims, while these two groups often overlapped. The role of mass media and of the design of the Facebook platform in the entire process should be discussed further. It became apparent that the producers of hate speech themselves seldom created any substantial shared content such as articles or videos. To the contrary, many hateful comments occurred through sharing and subsequent discussion of articles produced by online news outlets. As the Czech mass media are defined by transformation, uncertainty, layoffs and disintegration of professional routines, this creates a dangerous mix that could lead to further proliferation of hate speech., Matouš Hrdina., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Spinal deformities such as scoliosis and kyphosis are incurable, and can lead to decreased physical function, pain, and reduced quality of life. Despite much effort, no clear therapies for the treatment of these conditions have been found. Therefore, the development of an animal model for spinal deformity would be extremely valuable to our understanding of vertebral diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient in the mitochondrial enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) develop spinal deformities with aging. We use morphological analysis as well as radiographic and micro-CT imaging of IDH2-deficient mice to characterize these deformities. Histological analysis showed increased abnormalities in IDH2-deficient mice compared to wild type mice. Taken together, the results suggest that IDH2 plays a critical role in maintaining the spinal structure by affecting the homeostatic balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This indicates that IDH2 might be a potent target for the development of therapies for spinal deformities. Our findings also provide a novel animal model for vertebral disease research., U. Chae, N.-R. Park, E. S. Kim, J.-Y. Choi, M. Yim, H.-S. Lee, S.-R. Lee, S. Lee, J.-W. Park, D.-S. Lee., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Crohnova choroba (CD) a ulcerózní kolitida (UC) jsou chronické střevní záněty (IBD) neznámého původu, v jejichž výskytu pozorujeme zřetelný západo-východní a severo-jižní gradient. Předpokládaná patogeneze zahrnuje působení dosud neidentifikovaných vnějších vlivů u geneticky predisponovaných jedinců za účasti některých složek střevní mikroflóry. V klinickém obraze obou nemocí se střídají období aktivity s fázemi klidovými; dominujícími symptomy jsou bolesti břicha a průjmy, typickým projevem UC jsou krvavé stolice. Nemocní s CD jsou často postiženi hnisavými komplikacemi v podobě abscesů a píštělí nitrobřišních nebo perianálních. Základem léčby je dlouhodobá medikamentózní terapie aminosalicyláty, kortikosteroidy, imunosupresivy nebo biologickou léčbou. Navzdory léčbě musí být značná část pacientů během života pro střevní zánět operována. Nejčastější komplikací obou nemocí je sideropenie a sideropenická anemie, nemocní jsou ohroženi také nežádoucími účinky podávaných medikamentů., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown origin with a distinct west-east and north-south gradient in their geographic distribution. Unidentified external factors in combination with genetic predisposition and intestinal microbiome are supposed to cause both diseases. Periods of clinical activity and quiescent phases are typical of the disease course. Patients suffer from abdominal pain and diarrhoea, bloody stools usually occur in UC, while CD patients frequently develop purulent complications – intra-abdominal or perianal abscesses and fistulas. Patients have to use long-term medical treatment with aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs or biologic therapy. Despite medical therapy, many patients undergo surgery for their IBD. Most patients suffer from iron deficiency or iron deficiency anaemia, and there is also a risk of adverse effects of medical therapy., and Bortlík M.