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1212. PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in relation to free fatty acids concentration and composition in lean healthy Czech individuals with and without family history of diabetes type 2

Creator:
Běla Bendlová, Daniela Vejražková, Josef Včelák, Petra Lukášová, Dominika Burkoňová, Marie Kunešová, Jana Vrbíková, Kateřina Dvořáková, Karel Vondra, and Markéta Vaňková
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, mastné kyseliny, inzulin, endocrinology, fatty acids, insulin, PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism, free fatty acids concentration, composition, polyunsaturated fatty acids, insulin sensitivity, offspring, diabetes type 2, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are natural ligands of the PPARγ2 receptor. FFA plasma concentration and composition may represent one of the factors accounting for high heterogeneity of conclusions concerning the effect of the Pro12Ala on BMI, insulin sensitivity or diabetes type 2 (DM2) susceptibility. Our objective was to investigate the relation and possible interactions between the Pro12Ala polymorphism and FFA status, metabolic markers, and body composition in 324 lean nondiabetic subjects (M/F: 99/225; age 32±11 years; BMI 23.9±4.0 kg/m2) with and without family history of DM2. Family history of DM2 was associated with lower % PUFA and slightly higher % MUFA. The presence of Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with fasting plasma FFA concentration or composition, anthropometric or metabolic markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in tested population. However, the interaction of carriership status with FFA levels influenced the basal glucose levels, insulin sensitivity and disposition indices, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and leptin levels, especially in women. The metabolic effects of 12Ala carriership were influenced by FFA levels – the beneficial role of 12Ala was seen only in the presence of low concentration of plasma FFA. Surprisingly, a high PUFA/SFA ratio was associated with lower insulin sensitivity, the protective effect of 12Ala allele was apparent in subjects with family history of DM2. On the basis of our findings and published data we recommend the genotyping of diabetic patients for Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene before treatment with thiazolidinediones and education of subjects regarding diet and physical activity, which modulate metabolic outcomes., B. Bendlová, D. Vejražková, J. Včelák, P. Lukášová, D. Burkoňová, M. Kunešová, J. Vrbíková, K. Dvořáková, K. Vondra, M. Vaňková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1213. Pre- and Postprandial Expression of the Leptin Receptor Splice Variants OB-Ra and OB-Rb in Murine Peripheral Tissues

Creator:
Frühbeck, G., Gómez-Ambrosi, J., and Martínez, J. A.
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, myši, physiology, mice, OB protein, fasting, skeletal muscle, fiber type composition, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
G. Frühbeck, J. Gómez-Ambrosi, J. A. Martínez. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1214. Preclinical atherosclerosis and other determinants of venous thromboembolism in patients with thrombophilias

Creator:
Ondřej Auzký, Libuše Pagáčová, Tomáš Šejda, and Jan Piťha
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ultrasonografie, trombóza, ultrasonography, venous thrombosis, preclinical atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism, thrombophilia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
At present, the supposed association between venous thromboembolism and atherosclerosis has yet to be proven. However, no data are available from patients with thrombophilias. We evaluated the association between preclinical atherosclerosis and prevalence of thromboembolic events in patients with thrombophilias. Presence of preclinical atherosclerosis in common carotid and femoral arteries measured by ultrasound was assessed by Belcaro score (based mainly on the presence of plaques) and by measurements of intima media thickness in the same location in 109 patients (43 men, mean age 41.5±13 years) with established thrombophilias. Other parameters under the study were age, presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric and clinical data including blood pressure measurements and medication. The differences between patients with (n=47) and without (n=62) thromboembolic events were assessed by paired t-test and chi square tests. In patients with a history of venous thromboembolism, body mass index and the prevalence of antihypertensive treatment (AT) were significantly higher than in patients without history of thromboembolism (BMI: 26.5±5.0 vs. 24.4±3.7 kg/m2; p=0.04, AT: 25.5 % vs. 8.1 %; p=0.013). No significant differences between groups were found regarding preclinical atherosclerosis. Overweight and hypertension, but not preclinical atherosclerosis, were more prevalent in patients with thrombophilias suffering from thromboembolism., O. Auzký ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1215. Preconditioning by hypoventilation increases ventricular arrhythmia threshold in wistar rats

Creator:
Pavol Švorc and Imola Bračoková
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, hypoventilation, cardioprotection, preconditioning, ventricular arrhythmia, rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Hypoventilation, as one of ventilatory disorders, decreases the electrical stability of the heart similarly as ischemia. If preconditioning by short cycles of ischemia has a cardioprotective effect against harmful influences of a prolonged ischemic period, then preconditioning by hypoventilation (HPC) can also have a similar effect. Anesthetized rats (ketamine 100 mg/kg + xylasine 15 mg/kg i.m., open chest experiments) were subjected to 20 min of hypoventilation followed by 20 min of reoxygenation (control group). The preconditioning (PC) was induced by one (1PC), two (2PC) or three (3PC) cycles of 5-min hypoventilation followed by 5-min reoxygenation. The electrical stability of the heart was measured by a ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) tested by electrical stimulation of the right ventricle. Twenty-minute hypoventilation significantly decreased the VAT in the control and 1PC groups (p<0.05) and non-significantly in 2PC vs. the initial values. Reoxygenation reversed the VAT values to the initial level only in the control group. In 3PC, the VAT was increased from 2.32±0.69 mA to 4.25±1.31 mA. during hypoventilation (p<0.001) and to 4.37±1.99 mA during reoxygenation (p<0.001). It is concluded that cardioprotection against the hypoventilation/ reoxygenation-induced decrease of VAT proved to be effective only after three cycles of HPC., P. Švorc, I. Bračoková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1216. Preconditioning Modulates Susceptibility to Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias in the Rat Heart: The Role of a-Adrenergic Stimulation and K(ATP) Channels

Creator:
Ravingerová, T., Dezider Pancza, Atila Ziegelhöffer, and Ján Styk
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Ischemic preconditioning, Arrhythmias, Adrenergic stimulation, K(ATP) channels, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
a1_A new concept of cardioprotection based on the exploitation of endogenous mechanisms is known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). It has been hypothesized that substances released during brief ischemic stress (e.g. catecholamines) stimulate the receptors and trigger multiple cell signaling cascades. Opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels [K(ATP)] has been suggested as a possible final step in the mechanisms of protection. In this study, the role of adrenergic activation was tested in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to test ischemia (TI; 30 min occlusion of LAD coronary artery) by: 1) mimicking IPC (5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion) with short-term (5 min) administration of norepinephrine (NE, 1 µM), 15 min prior to TI; 2) blockade with b- or a1-receptor antagonists, propranolol (10 µM) and prazosin (2 µM), respectively, applied 15 min prior to TI during IPC. The role of K(ATP) opening was examined by perfusion with a K(ATP) blocker glibenclamide (10 mM) during IPC. Both IPC and NE-induced PC effectively reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) to 33 % and 37 %, respectively, vs 100 % in the non-PC controls, whereby ventricular fibrillation (VF) was totally abolished by IPC and markedly suppressed by PC with NE (0 % and 10 %, respectively, vs 70 % in the non-PC hearts; P<0.05). The severity of arrhythmias (arrhythmia score, AS) was also markedly attenuated by both interventions (IPC: AS 1.7±0.4; NE-PC: AS 1.8±0.3 vs AS 4.1±0.2 in the controls; P<0.05). Protection was not suppressed by propranolol (VT 28 %; VF 14 %; AS 2.2±0.6), whereas prazosin reversed the protective effect of PC (VT 83 %; VF 67 %; AS 4.0±0.8). Antiarrhythmic protection afforded by NE-PC was abolished by pretreatment of rats with pertussis toxin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) given 48 h prior to the experiments., a2_Glibenclamide did not suppress the IPC-induced protection. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the rat heart to ischemic arrhythmias can be modulated by IPC. Protection is mediated via stimulation of a1-adrenergic receptors coupled with Gi-proteins but glibenclamide-sensitive K(ATP) channels do not appear to be involved in the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic protection in this model., T. Ravingerová, D. Pancza, A. Ziegelhoffer, J. Styk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1217. Prediction of adrenocortical insufficiency after pituitary adenoma surgery using postoperative basal cortisol levels

Creator:
Hána, V., Jana Ježková, Mikuláš Kosák, Michal Kršek, Marek, J., David Netuka, Hill, M., and Václav Hána
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, adenomy hypofýzy, chirurgie, pituitary adenomas, surgery, adrenal insufficiency, hypocorticalism, ACTH test, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Our aim was to analyze the correlation of early postoperative cortisol levels in patients after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery compared to the standard dose ACTH test and Insulin tolerance test (ITT) several months later. We retrospectively reviewed data from 94 patients operated for pituitary adenoma in years 2009-2012. The comparison of day 7 (median) postoperative basal cortisol levels and 3.6 months (median) after pituitary adenoma surgery stimulation test - standard dose 250 μg 1-24ACTH test in 83 patients or ITT in 11 patients were performed. All 16 patients with early postoperative cortisol levels >500 nmol/l proved a sufficient response in the stimulation tests. At basal cortisol levels of 370-500 nmol/l the sufficient response was found in 96 % (27/28) of patients. In the postoperative basal cortisol levels 200-370 nmol/l we found a preserved corticotroph axis later on in 88 % (28/32) of cases. Patients with basal cortisol levels 100-200 nmol/l had a maintained corticotroph axis function in 8/11 cases - 73 %. All patients with an early postoperative basal cortisol level above 500 nmol/l proved in the stimulation tests a preserved corticotroph axis function. The interval 370-500 nmol/l showed a minimal risk of postoperative adrenal insufficiency., V. Hána Jr., J. Ježková, M. Kosák, M. Kršek, J. Marek, D. Netuka, M. Hil, V. Hána., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1218. Preejection period as a sympathetic activity index: a role of confounding factors

Creator:
Krohova, J., Czippelova, B., Turianikova, Z., Želmíra Lazárová, Ingrid Tonhajzerová, and Michal Javorka
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, preejection period, impedance cardiography, head-up tilt, mental stress, thoracic fluid content, systemic vascular resistance, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
n previous studies, one of the systolic time intervals - preejection period (PEP) - was used as an index of sympathetic activity reflecting the cardiac contractility. However, PEP could be also influenced by several other cardiovascular variables including preload, afterload and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The aim of this study was to assess the behavior of the PEP together with other potentially confounding cardiovascular system characteristics in healthy humans during mental and orthostatic stress (head-up tilt test - HUT). Forty-nine healthy volunteers (28 females, 21 males, mean age 18.6 years (SD=1.8 years)) participated in the study. We recorded finger arterial blood pressure by volume-clamp method (Finome ter Pro, FMS, Netherlands), PEP, thoracic fluid content (TFC) - a measure of preload, and cardiac output (CO) by impedance cardiography (CardioScreen ®2000, Medis, Germany). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) - a measure of afterload - was calculated as a ratio of mean arterial pressure and CO. We observed that during HUT, an expected decrease in TFC was accompanied by an increase of PEP, an increase of SVR and no significant change in DBP. During mental stress, we observed a decrease of PEP and an increase of TFC, SVR and DBP. Correlating a change in assessed measures (delta values) between mental stress and previous supinerest, we found that ΔPEP correlated negatively with ΔCO and positively with ΔSVR. In orthostasis, no significant correlation between ΔPEP and ΔDBP, ΔTFC, ΔCO, ΔMBP or ΔSVR was found. We conclude that despite an expected increase of sympathetic activity during both challenges, PEP behaved differently indicating an effect of other confounding factors. To interpret PEP values properly, we recommend simultaneously to measure other variables influencing this cardiovascular measure., J. Krohova, B. Czippelova, Z. Turianikova, Z. Lazarova, I. Tonhajzerova, M. Javorka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1220. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and proform eosinophilic major basic protein in the detection of different types of coronary artery disease

Creator:
Petr Hájek, Milan Macek, Magdaléna Hladíková, Běla Houbová, David Alan, Václav Durdil, Jiří Fiedler, Martin Malý, Petr Ošťádal, Josef Veselka, and Alice Krebsová
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Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, kardiologie, věnčité tepny, troponiny, ateroskleróza, cardiology, coronary arteries, troponins, atherosclerosis, PAPP-A/proMBP, PAPP-A/proMBP (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A), 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Kryptor system was proven to be a rapid, standard method for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and proform eosinophilic major basic protein (PAPP-A/proMBP) complex detection in coronary artery disease (CAD). No age and/or gender differences in 51 controls and 110 stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients were found. SCAD patients did not differ from controls and no difference in PAPP-A/proMBP levels with regards to the number of affected vessels was found. In 21 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), in 35 without and 66 with ST elevation acute myocardial infarctions (NSTEMI, STEMI respectively) patients PAPP-A/proMBP levels were increased (P=0.004 and P<0.0005, respectively). PAPP-A/proMBP levels did not correlate with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. PAPP-A/ proMBP increase was more frequent than cTnI (P=0.036) within the early phase of STEMI. In NSTEMI patients PAPP-A/proMBP positivity was present in 50 % of cTnI negative cases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed the highest diagnostic accuracy of PAPP-A/proMBP (0.919) in STEMI cTnI positive cases. The highest specificity/sensitivity PAPP-A/proMBP levels for particular acute coronary syndrome (ACS) types were 10.65-14.75 mIU/l. Combination of PAPP-A/proMBP with cTnI increases their diagnostic efficacy within the early phase of ACS. Our results suggest that PAPP-A/proMBP complex is involved in processes preceding vulnerable plaque development in ACS., P. Hájek, M. Macek, M. Hladíková, B. Houbová, D. Alan, V. Durdil, J. Fiedler, M. Malý, P. Ošťádal, J. Veselka,A. Krebsová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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