Jedním z nejvýznamnějších a v normativní literatuře doby Válčících států nejčastěji se vyskytujících pojmů je slovo yì [najs]. V korpusu textů obsažených v databázi Thesaurus Linguae Sericae najdeme přes 1200 výskytů: z celkového počtu 1298 výskytů znaku je nutno odečíst některé případy, kdy je jím zapisováno jiné slovo, jako např. yí, vzezření, vnější dojem" (dnes standardně ?), a naopak přidat několik případů z Lúnyu, které v systému nejsou datovárny, a je nutno je tedy proheldávat zvlášť. S ohledem na tuto frekvenci i prominenci se jeví sporná tradiční praxe jeho překladu do češtiny jako opravdu závažný problém. Je totiž zvykem jej vcelku mechanicky převádět jako spravedlivý či spravedlivost. Dokonce i podle zastarávajícího Slovníku spisovného jazyka českého se přitom významvé spektrum slova spravedlivý soustředí kolem představy spravedlnosti. Význam ,jaký má být, vyhovující (zpráv. jakostí, váhou ap.); náležitý, patřičný" je hodnocen jako poněkud zastaralý a z příkladů je zjevné, že přežívá jen v hrstce ustálených spojení. Potíž spočívá v tom, že čínské yì nemá se spravedlivostí, resp. spravedlností téměř nic společného. Jeho skutečným významům bych se proto rád věnoval v tomto článku, v němž zároveň navrhuji definitivní opuštění tradičního překladového ekvivalentu a jeho nahrazení jiným, i kdyby neměl být jednoslovný., The present study aims to provide an exploration and nuanced description of the semantic structural of the lexical unit yì, which has been traditionally translated as "righteousness" but also by many other more adequate terms. A good understanding of the meanings of the word is not only especially important because of its crucial significance for ancient Chinese ideology and philosophy, but also because it tends to be mistranslated or at least tranlated in a misleading way, for example as "justice". Although the paleographic and etymological aspects are also discussed, the argument is primarily based on a scrutiny of practically all occurrences of the word, in the pre-imperial transmitted texts, as recorded in the Thesaurus Linguae Sericae (more than 1,200 cases), with an emphasis on systemic relationships, such as synonymy, antonymy or parallelism. The particular meanings arrived at as a result of the application of this method are presented, along with examples and more appropriate Czech translations of the term., Lukáš Zádrapa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article tries to characterise the spiritual life of a group of members of the Czech Reformed exile community in Husinec near Strzelin in Silesia at the turn of the 18th and 19th century. It starts with a detailed analysis of a unique manuscript miscellany written there by certain senior Bureš in 1833 and containing Czech translations of various German texts, mostly sermons (especially of the famous Pietistic preacher Ludwig Hofacker), but also travel diaries of Herrnhut missionaries in North America and Greenland from the 1770s, translated by a certain J. S., probably the former local teacher Jan Sovák. It identifies both the scribe and the translator as diaspora sympathizers of the Herrnhut Unitas, striving to supply for themselves and other members of their community spiritual texts suitable for reading aloud during their worship. As a possible model for the miscellany, the article identifies Gemeinnachrichten, the German manuscript periodical of the Unitas, which also combined sermons with missionary reports and diaries and was accessible to a limited extent to diaspora sympathizers. Finally, the article characterizes the spiritual life of the Husinec diaspora as rather eclectic, but capable of active reception of various Pietistic spiritual impulses, partly, but not exclusively emanating from the Unitas. This seems to support the thesis that Early Modern Czech non-Catholic exile played an important role in the Czech-German literary, cultural and religious relations., Alena A. Fidlerová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article deals with the problems that stood in the way of the emerging book printing in the Czech lands as well as abroad and shows some specific obstacles on the example of Řehoř Hrubý of Jelení. Hrubý initially published his translations in print; then he stopped publishing for several years; in the last years of his life, he prepared, within a short period of time, several other extensive translations, but only in manuscript form. The reasons may have included the possibilities of the book printing at that time, which did not allow the publication of his works in the corresponding quality, as well as the adaptation to the needs of his readers. Economic factors may have been involved as well, because Hrubý struggled with the lack of funds. That was one of the reasons why he began to create personalised manuscripts for remarkable figures (Prague Town Council, the king of Bohemia Vladislaus II Jagiello)., Bořek Neškudla., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy