This paper examines the social origins of the members of the Premonstratensian Canonry at Strahov, Prague, in the last quarter of the 18th and the second quarter of the 19th centuries. In the introduction we outline changes in the composition of the community in the period under discussion (a decline in the number of canons in the late 18th C and its causes; changes in their activities both within the order and in the public sphere). The main focus of the study is two surveys into the social origins of individual Premonstratensians covering the intake of novices in the periods 1750-1763 and 1804-1816, in which we assume they would attain the peak of their monastic career after 20-25 years spent with the order. Our main source was the confirmation of baptism of individual candidates, records of which for the years in question are relatively intact in the Strahov archive; these were supplemented by research in the relevant registries. An analysis of the data showed that the majority of novices at Strahov monastery were young men with an urban background, whereby there is a clearly perceptible shift from the elite urban classes in the first sample to more artisan circles, as well as a higher proportion of privileged boys from small provincial towns, in the second. Surprisingly, in the early years of the 19th century we no longer find the sons of officials employed in patrimonial (i.e. estate) administration. However, a broader chronological sample would be necessary to confirm that this was indeed a long‐term trend. Neither was it confirmed that more young men of rural origin were interested in joining a monastery, as we had assumed, not even those from the Strahov estates. This shift was not to happen till far later in the century., Hedvika Kuchařová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Aging induced loss of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car) and proteins was studied in suspensions of isolated wheat chloroplasts incubated in the light or dark. Faster rate of pigment loss in the light was due to photodestruction of pigments. Compared to Chl, a greater loss of Car in the light was due to photoprotective action of Car towards Chl resulting in its own destruction. The total protein content was lowered more in the light than in dark. Soluble proteins of chloroplasts declined by 36 %, whereas membrane proteins showed a loss of only 8 % after 6 d of light incubation.
In our study we find, from the analysis of VLBI observations, small quasi-periodic fluctuations of the period and quality factor of retrograde Free Core Nutation (FCN), ranging mainly between 429.8 to 430.8 days and 17000 to 21000, respectively. To this end, we use resonant effects in several dominant forced nutation terms to calculate the period and quality factor of FCN in running 6-year intervals. We also recently demonstrated that the atmospheric and oceanic excitations are capable of exciting FCN. Both amplitude and phase of the geophysically excited motion are consistent with the values observed by VLBI, in the interval of tens of years. The geophysical excitations are now numerically integrated, using Brzeziński’s broadband Liouville equations, and removed from the observed celestial pole offsets. The remaining part is then used to derive the period and quality factor of FCN in running intervals, and to study the temporal stability of these important Earth parameters. It is demonstrated that the observed quasi-periodic variations of both parameters are probably not caused by these geophysical excitations., Jan Vondrák and Cyril Ron., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V astronomické a fyzikální komunitě panuje všeobecné přesvědčení, že dodatečně relativistické stáčení perihelia dráhy Merkuru 43" za století je již dávno a mnohokrát prověřená hodnota, na které není třeba nic měnit. Že je dána rozdílem pozorovaného stáčení perihelia Merkuru a počítaného stáčení pomocí Newtonovy mechaniky. V tomto případě se ale odečítají dvě skoro stejně velká čísla, která jsou navíc zatížena mnoha chybami. Výsledný rozdíl 43" za století je tak nejistý a nemusí odpovídat skutečnosti., The perihelion shift of Mercury's orbit is thought to be one of the fundamental tests of the validity of the general theory of relativity. In the current (astro)physical community, it is generally accepted that the additional relativistic perihelion shift of Mercury is the difference between its observed perihelion shift and the one predicted by Newtonian mechanics, and that this difference equals 43" per century. However, as it results from the subtraction of two quite inexact numbers of almost equal magnitude, it may be subject to cancelation errors. As such, the above accepted value is highly uncertain and may not correspond to reality., Michal Křížek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
herausgegeben von Konrad Wutke ; nebst einem Verzeichnis der Breslauer Bischöfe von J. Jungnitz., KČSN, Zadní desky nejsou k dispozici., and Přední desky z MVS.