Adiponectin (APN), an adipose tissue-excreted adipokine, plays protective roles in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of APN on biological functions of rat vascular endothelial progenitor cells (VEPCs) were investigated in vitro . After administrating APN in rat VEPCs, the proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, the apoptotic rate was test by Flow cytometry assay, mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) was analyzed by Western blot. It was suggested that APN promoted the optical density (OD) value of VEPCs, enhanced mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF, and inhibited cell apoptotic rate. Furthermore, protein expression of pSTAT3 was also increased in the presence of APN. Moreover, APN changed-proliferation, apoptosis and VEGF expression of VEPCs were partially suppressed after blocking the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway by the mTOR inhibitor XL388. It was indicated that APN promoted biological functions of VEPCs through targeting the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway., Xiaoying Dong, Xia Yan, Wei Zhang, Shengqiu Tang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Adiponectin acts as an endogenous antithrombotic factor. However, the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of platelet aggregation by adiponectin still remain elusive. The present study was designed to test whether adiponectin inhibits platelet aggregation by attenuation of oxidative/nitrative stress. Adult rats were fed a regular or high-fat diet for 14 weeks. The platelet was immediately separated and stimulated with recombinant full-length adiponectin (rAPN) or not. The platelet aggregation, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/inducible NOS (iNOS) expression, and antioxidant capacity were determined. Treatment with rAPN inhibited hyperlipidemia- induced platelet aggregation (P<0.05). Interestingly, total NO, a crucial molecule depressing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation , was significantly reduced, rather than increased in rAPN-treated platelets. Treatment with rAPN markedly decreased superoxide production (-62 %, P<0.05) and enhanced antioxidant capacity (+38 %, P<0.05) in hyperlipidemic platelets. Hyperlipidemia-induced reduced eNOS phosphorylation and increased iNOS expression were significantly reversed following rAPN treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest that adiponectin is an adipokine that suppresses platelet aggregation by enhancing eNOS activation and attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress including blocking iNOS expression and superoxide production., W.-Q. Wang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Adiponectin is an adipokine increasing glucose and fatty acid metabolism and improving insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adiponectin in the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. Human adipocytes isolated from biopsies obtained during surgical operations from 16 non-obese and 17 obese subjects were incubated with 1) human adiponectin (20 μg/ml) or 2) 0.5 mM AICAR - activator of AMPK (adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase). Following these incubations, isoprenaline was added (10-6 M) to investigate the influence of adiponectin and AICAR on catecholamine-induced lipolysis. Glycerol concentration was measured as lipolysis marker. We observed that adiponectin suppressed spontaneous lipolysis by 21 % and isoprenaline-induced lipolysis by 14 % in non-obese subjects. These effects were not detectable in obese individuals, but statistically significant differences in the effect of adiponectin between ob ese and non-obese were not revealed by two way ANOVA test. The inhibitory effect of AICAR and adiponectin on lipolysis was reversed by Compound C. Our results suggest, that adiponectin in physiological concentrations inhibits spontaneous as well as catecholamine-induced lipolysis. This effect might be lower in obese individuals and this regulation seems to involve AMPK., Z. Wedellová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
High -energy intake which exceeds energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue, predominantly in large -size adipocytes. This metabolic shift, which drives the liver to produce atherogenic dyslipidemia, is well documented. In addition, an increasing amount of monocytes/macrophages, predominantly the proinflammatory M1- type, cumulates in ectopic adipose tissue. The mechanism of this process, the turnover of macrophages in adipose tissue and their direct atherogenic effects all remain to be analyzed., R. Poledne, I. Králová Lesná, S. Čejková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Zlatým standardem léčby karcinomu endometria je chirurgická léčba. Adjuvantní radioterapie ve formě brachyterapie či zevní radioterapie je indikována u středně a vysoce rizikového karcinomu, kde snižuje zejména výskyt lokoregionální recidivy. U vysoce rizikového karcinomu jsou však pacientky ohroženy i generalizací onemocnění, což je důvodem pro zvažování zařazení adjuvantní chemoterapie do léčebného schématu. Chemoterapie může být použita současně s radioterapií jako konkomitantní chemoradioterapie nebo sekvenčně po skončení radioterapie. Článek popisuje výsledky prací, které použily adjuvantní chemoterapii. Výsledky nejsou zatím zcela jednoznačné, na závěry velkých studií stále čekáme. Přesto u vysoce rizikového karcinomu endometria již dnes v klinické praxi zvažujeme použití chemoterapie., Surgical treatment is the gold standard for treating endometrial carcinoma. Adjuvant radiotherapy in the form of brachytherapy or external radiotherapy is indicated in moderate and high-risk carcinoma where it particularly reduces the rate of locoregional recurrence. In high-risk carcinoma, however, patients are also at risk of disease generalization, which is the reason for considering the inclusion of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment regimen. Chemotherapy can be used concomitantly with radiotherapy as concomitant chemoradiotherapy or sequentially after radiotherapy termination. The article describes the results of papers that have utilized adjuvant chemotherapy. The results have not been entirely unequivocal so far, and the conclusions of large studies are yet to be published. Still, in high-risk endometrial carcinoma, the use of chemotherapy is currently taken into consideration in the clinical practice., Renata Soumarová, Markéta Těžká, Dana Vráblová, Lenka Teglová, Pavel Bartoš, Martin Trhlík, Robert Bučko, and Literatura
Knihovna Akademie věd ČR Praha CZ TF 347 adl. 38, Národní knihovna ČR Praha CZ 65 E 2686, Národní knihovna ČR Praha CZ 46 F 74 adl. 27, Metropolitní kapitula u sv. Víta v Praze Praha CZ I. b. 41 adl. 5, and BCBT42405
Cílem imunoterapie je využití imunitních mechanizmů k eliminaci nebo ke kontrole růstu maligně transformovaných buněk. Jednou z možností imunoterapie je aplikace adoptivního transferu lymfocytů T, jehož podstatou je infuze ex vivo expandovaných tumor specifických lymfocytů, které rozeznávají a ničí neoplastické buňky. Úspěšnost adoptivní T buněčné terapie se významně zlepšila pochopením základních molekulárních mechanizmů interakce imunitního systému s nádory. Slibných výsledků bylo dosaženo zejména u maligního melanomu, karcinomu ledviny a lymfatické leukemie. Adoptivní T buněčná terapie se postupně etabluje mezi nadějné imunoterapeutické postupy a rozšiřuje tak portfolio léčebných možností, i když pro svoji metodickou náročnost nenašla dosud velké rozšíření., The aim of current immunotherapeutic approaches is to harness the individual’s immune system towards a tumor tissue to eliminate or, at least, to control proliferation of the neoplastic cells. Among the cancer treatment strategies, the adoptive T cell transfer is progressively developing method that uses an ex vivo modified and expanded tumor-specific T cells as a tool to target and destroy the neoplastic tumor cells. The efficacy of the adoptive T cell therapy has significantly improved in recent years due to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the interactions of immune system and tumor cells. Promising results have already been achieved within the clinical trials in malignant melanoma, renal cancer and lymphoid leukemia. The adoptive T cell therapy is therefore gradually finding its place among the other immunotherapeutic strategies and expands the spectrum of available treatment options in cancer therapy., Kateřina Vávrová, Jiřina Bartůňková, Rudolf Horváth, and Literatura
Nedostatečnost kůry nadledvin je potenciálně život ohrožující stav. Článek pojednává o diferenciální diagnostice a limitech dynamického testování, možnostech deeskalace kortikoidní terapie a substituční terapii glukokortikoidy, mineralokortikoidy a androgeny. Zmíněny jsou nové substituční možnosti včetně nově vyvíjených., Adrenal insufficiency is a potentially life threatening condition. The paper deals with differential diagnostics and limits of dynamic testing, possibilities of de-escalation of corticosteroid therapy and substitution therapy with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens. New replacement possibilities are mentioned including those in development., and Filip Gabalec, Jan Čáp