To study defects and chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus, we retrospectively analyzed results of comprehensive dynamic survey of 26,404 pregnant women aged 1850 years old at 6 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. Of them, 25,956 (98.3%) women had physiological course of pregnancy, 448 (1.7%) women had abnormal pregnancy. For the diagnosis of fetal defects, we carried out ultrasound, biochemical, invasive and cytogenetic studies. The results of study showed that the majority of fetal defects and pathological course of pregnancy was noted in women at the age of 2125 years old, since at this age period women have the highest number of pregnancies. At the older age, we noted a gradual decrease in the number of pregnant women, as well as the number of abnormalities of the fetus. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we have developed an algorithm for early fetal ultrasound examination. In order to exclude nondeveloping pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death, as well as for early diagnosis of fetal defects, we recommend screening women in the first trimester of pregnancy., Shahnoza Kamalidinova, and Literatura
Pseudomyxoma peritonei je vzácný klinický syndrom; nádorový proces, pro který je charakteristické hromadění mucinózního ascitu a peritoneálních implantátů v břišní dutině. Primárním zdrojem je téměř vždy low grade mucinózní tumor apendixu. Jedná se o pomalu progredující, nízce agresivní, ale smrtící onemocnění s častými recidivami. Optimálním léčebným postupem je kompletní chirurgická cytoredukce (CRS) v kombinaci s peroperačně aplikovanou intraperitoneální hypertermickou chemoterapií (HIPEC) – tzv. Sugarbakerova metoda., Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon clinical syndrome characterized by the slow and progressive accumulation of peritoneal implants and mucinous ascites, intraabdominal gelatinous collection (jelly belly). PMP is reported to originate from the low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Pseudomyxoma peritonei often recurs after treatment and may eventually cause death by abdominal visceral dysfunction via compression with mucinous ascites. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy comprising hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with or without postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) has been regarded as the standard of care in specialized centers. It is often referred to as the „Sugerbaker procedure“. Conventionally, PMP is considered resistant to systemic chemotherapy. Even though complete cytoreduction is associated with prolonged overall survival, recurrence of disease is common and multiple operations are frequently required. Patients may enjoy sustained period of remission, free of symptoms, but long – term disease free survival is distinctly uncommon. The pathologic subtype remains the dominant factor in survival. Patients should be centralized to improve survival by a combination of surgical experience and adequate patient selection., Roman Kocián, and Literatura
Cíl: Článek předkládá současný pohled na nomenklaturu, diferenciální diagnózu a léčbu abnormálního děložního krvácení (AUB). Metodika a výsledky: Abnormální děložní krvácení je častým onemocněním žen ve fertilním věku, prevalence se pohybuje mezi 9-20 %. Terminologie je v případě AUB inkonzistentní. FIGO předkládá novou klasifikaci zohledňující příčiny AUB. K dispozici jsou farmakologické hormonální, nehormonální a chirurgické metody léčby. Řada terapeutických modalit je užívána tzv. „off-label“. Závěr: AUB znamená diagnózu s výraznými dopady na celkový pocit zdraví, včetně sociálního, a vlivem na kvalitu života žen v reprodukčním věku. Léčba AUB by měla být individualizovaná, se zohledněním fertilních plánů a dopady na sociální zdraví a kvalitu života., Objective: To summarize current knowledge and view of nomenclature, differential diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods and results: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a frequent medical condition, affecting 9-20% fertile-aged women, meaning also social issue, with impact on quality of life. There is general inconsistency in the nomenclature used to describe AUB. FIGO is presenting a new classification system derived from possible causes. Treatment options are medical hormonal or non-hormonal and surgical. Some of the medical options are widely used off-label. Conclusion: AUB can impact on general physical, mental and social well being. Treatment must be individualised, taking the clinical problem in its entirety into account, including the impact of the disease and the effect of its treatment on quality of life, fertile functions and plans., Michael Fanta, and Literatura 11