Na počátku ustavení Místopisné komise České akademie věd a umění byla idea instituce koordinující mezioborový výzkum (na poli historie a filologie) a řešící praktické (revize a přejmenování místních jmen) i vědecké úkoly (zachycení vývoje místních jmen). Komise byla složená z odborníků různých oborů (filologové, historici a geografové), z výzkumu i z praxe. Fungovala téměř kontinuálně v letech 1913-1952 především díky aktivitám několika výrazných osobností (předsedové Josef Zubatý, Josef Janko, Josef Dobiáš, jednatelé Josef Vítězslav Šimák a Antonín Profous). Věnovala se převážně praktickým úkolům - vypracovávala expertní posudky k návrhům změn resp. ustálení místních jmen. Trvalou hodnotu má vědecké dílo Antonína Profouse Místní jména v Čechách. Jejich vznik, význam a původní změny (vyd. 1947-1957), které vznikalo zčásti za podpory Místopisné komise. Zmapování historie komise přispívá k poznání institucionalizace bádání v pomezních vědních oborech, na pozadí česko-německého soupeření. Otázky revizí a úprav místopisného názvosloví byly pozorně sledovány představiteli státní správy a samosprávy, jejichž vliv na úkoly Místopisné komise byl velký v porovnání s nepatrnou dotací výzkumu., In the early days of the establishment of the Topographic Committee at the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts the idea behind the institute was to coordinate interdisciplinary research (involving history and philology) and to deal with practical (review and renaming of local names) and scholarly tasks (recording the development of local names). The committee was made up of specialists from various fields (philologists, historians and geographers) both in research and in practice. It operated almost continually between 1913 and 1952, thanks in particular to the activities of several prominent figures (chaired by Josef Zubatý, Josef Janko and Josef Dobiáš, with secretaries Josef Vítězslav Šimák and Antonín Profous). It focused primarily on practical tasks - drawing up expert reports on proposals for local names to alter or become fixed. Of permanent merit is the scholarly work by Antonín Profous Místní jména v Čechách. Jejich vznik, význam a původní změny - Local names in Bohemia. Their origin, meaning and original changes (published 1947-1957), which came about in part with the support of the Topographic Committee. Charting the history of this committee helps us to understand the institutionalization of research within marginal fields and within the context of Czech-German rivalry. Questions surrounding the review of, and alterations to, topographical nomenclature were carefully followed by state administration and local government representatives, whose influence on Topographical Committee tasks was great in view of the tiny grants for research., and Překlad resumé: Melvyn Clarke
The aging process is associated with a decline in mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria dysfunction is involved in initiation and progression of many health problems including neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It is well known that endurance exercise improves mitochondrial function, especially in the elderly. However, recent studies have demonstrated that resistan ce training lead also to substantial increases in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training in healthy elderly subjects, can help practitioners to design and prescribe more effective exercise trainings., M. M. Ziaaldini, S. R. A. Hosseini, M. Fathi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) response of healthy humans and cancer (Ca) patients to specific tumor antigen and nonspecific (LDV -- lactate dehydrogenase virus) antigen, and of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and schizophrenia (Sch) patients to nonspecific antigen was investigated. Large differences of CMI response of healthy humans in comparison with Ca, AMI, Sch patients were found. CMI response to antigens displays transferred information about cells under immune surveillance. LDV disturbs the oxidative energy production system. We assume that CMI response to LDV antigen monitors pathological states of mitochondrial energy production which results in disturbances of electromagnetic activity of living cells.
Mitochondria are involved in cellular functions that transcend the traditional role of these organelles as the energy factory of the cell. Their relative inaccessibility and the difficulties involved in attempts to study them in their natural environment - the cytosol - has delayed much of this understanding and they still have many secrets to yield. One of the relatively new fields in this respect is undoubtedly the analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential. The realization that its alteration may have important pathophysiological consequences has led to an increased interest in measuring this variable in a variety of biological settings, including cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential tell us much about the role of mitochondria in normal cell function and in processes leading to cell death. However, we must be aware of the limitations of using isolated mitochondria, single cells and different fluorescent indicators., L. Škárka, B. Ošťádal., and Obsahuje bibliografii