Natural occurrence of C4 species, life form, altitude pattern, and infection by the Three Gorges Project (TGP) were studied in the TGP region. 76 species (about 2.5 % of the total 2 685 vascular plant species in the region), in 6 families and 42 genera, were identified with C4 photosynthesis. 91 % of these C4 species belong to Monocotyledoneae, e.g. Cyperaceae (14 species), Gramineae (54 species), and Commelinaceae (1 species). Of these C4 species, Gramineae was the leading C4 family: 54 C4 grass species (71 % of the total C4 species), about 36 % of the total grasses, were identified in the TGP region. 98 % C4 species was found in therophyte (55 %) and hemicryptophyte (43 %). This is consistent with high grass and sedge compositions in the region. Most habitats of more than a half of these C4 species (65 %) will be submerged permanently, but no species will be endangered or extinct, because 95 % C4 species can be found from 500 to 800 m above sea level. The abundance of some C4 species will be dropped due to the reduction of distribution scope. It will take a long-term to explore the effects of the TGP on plants, vegetation, and environment.
Let $A$ be a Weil algebra. The bijection between all natural operators lifting vector fields from $m$-manifolds to the bundle functor $K^A$ of Weil contact elements and the subalgebra of fixed elements $SA$ of the Weil algebra $A$ is determined and the bijection between all natural affinors on $K^A$ and $SA$ is deduced. Furthermore, the rigidity of the functor $K^A$ is proved. Requisite results about the structure of $SA$ are obtained by a purely algebraic approach, namely the existence of nontrivial $SA$ is discussed.
The aim of the paper is to present the results of measurements of 40K, 208Tl, 212Pb, 214Pb, 214Bi and 228Ac activity concentrations of selected rocks co llected from the contact zone of the Karkonosze massif with the Szklarska Poręba schist-belt. Activity concentrations were obtained using a gamma-ray spectrometry system. Determined activity concentrations of 40K and nuclides from 238U and 232Th series in measured samples were compared with average activity concentrations of these radionuclides in the continental crust and in the soil and with data concerning investigated area available in the selected literature. In all rock samples very high activity concentrations associated with decay of 232Th and 238U series were observed. These values twice exceed the average activity concentrations refer to continental crust and are distinctly higher than activity concentrations measured in typical rocks of the Izera block., Aleksandra Bieda and Grzegorz Lizurek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The paper describes the results of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) study of Sambia peninsula. The idea of this work was to verify the hypothesis whether any terrain surface deformation that occur in Sambia area, could be interpreted as related to tectonic processes. Moreover, if any movements are detected what is their relationship to the 21 September 2004 earthquake? To answer these questions SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data from European satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 acquired from 1992 to 2001 were processed with interferometric techniques to archive independent data about terrain surface deformation. The obtained results - 4 sets of PS (Persistent Scatterers) points with calculated movement velocities (mm/yr) according to linear model were compared with published results of terrestrial measurements. The analysis of PS results confirms the occurrence of terrain deformations of tectonic origin of few mm/yr. The distribution of deformation velocities suggest its relationship to the recent activity occurring along two E-W trending seismoactive sub-zones located along Pregola river valley and possibly in the northern coast of Sambia Peninsula., Zbigniew Perski and Marek Mróz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The geometry of the distal anastomosis of a femoropopliteal bypass influences local hemodynamics and formation of intimal hyperplasia. We hypothesized that the distal anastomosis of an above-knee femoropopliteal bypass undergoes remodeling that results in displacement of the original course of the popliteal artery and change in the anastomosis angle. We identified 43 CT angiography examination with proximal femoropopliteal bypass and either a preserved contralateral popliteal artery or previous CTA before construction of the bypass for comparison. In these examinations, we measured the displacement distance and angle at the level of the distal anastomosis and compared these measurements with clinical and imaging data. The displacement distance was 8.8±4.9 mm (P<0.0001) and the displacement angle was -1° (IQR=44°). The angle between the inflow and outflow artery was 153±16° (P<0.0001). There was a negative association between the displacement angle and the angle between the bypass and the outflow artery (r=-0.318, P=0.037). Patients with reversed venous grafts had a greater displacement of the anastomosis (14.7±3.0 mm) than patients with prosthetic grafts (8.0±4.5 mm, P=0.0011). We conclude that construction of a distal anastomosis of proximal femoropopliteal bypass results in displacement of the original course of the popliteal artery towards the bypass and this effect is more pronounced in reversed venous grafts.
There is a plethora of naturalisms in contemporary philosophy. Instead of sorting out diverse past or present variants of this philosophical movement this article aims to define in three relatively simple points a version of naturalism that I consider as the most auspicious way for philosophy to remain a relevant and significant force in the domain of knowledge dominated by contemporary science. The tripartite definition of naturalism that is presented deliberately does not claim to be original, but seeks to capture in a concise and clear way the common core of the naturalistic mind frame. The point of the article is to point out the need to reduce internal metaphilosophical disputes within the naturalistic movement in favor of a greater emphasis on the concrete participation of philosophy in current scientific research. The claim is that the real (not only nominal) realization of the naturalistic turn in philosophy necessarily presupposes a change in the process of the education of future philosophers.
In this paper, I discuss a specifi c approach to measuring and comparing the simplicity of theories that is based on Lewis’s notion of fundamental properties. In particular, I discuss the criterion of simplicity as stated by Williams. According to Williams, the best candidate for a theory is the one which has the shortest defi nition in terms of fundamental properties. Th e aim of this paper is to show that the criterion thus specifi ed has two constraints. First, the criterion is not applicable to cases in which candidates for theories that specify fundamental properties are compared. Secondly, the applicability of the criterion in social sciences seems to be unwarranted. and V tomto příspěvku se zabývám specifi ckým přístupem k měření a porovnání jednoduchosti teorií, který je založen na Lewisově pojetí fundamentálních vlastností. Zejména se zabývám kritériem jednoduchosti, jak ho prezentuje Williams. Podle Williamse nejlepší kandidát na teorii je ten, který má nejkratší defi nici z hlediska fundamentálních vlastností. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je ukázat, že takto specifi kované kritérium má dvě omezení. Zaprvé, kritérium není použitelné v případech, kdy porovnáváme kandidáty na teorie, které stanovují fundamentální vlastnosti. Zadruhé, aplikace tohoto kritéria v sociálních vědách se zdá být neopodstatněná.
We consider the Navier-Stokes equations in unbounded domains $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb R ^n$ of uniform $C^{1,1}$-type. We construct mild solutions for initial values in certain extrapolation spaces associated to the Stokes operator on these domains. Here we rely on recent results due to Farwig, Kozono and Sohr, the fact that the Stokes operator has a bounded $H^\infty $-calculus on such domains, and use a general form of Kato's method. We also obtain information on the corresponding pressure term.