Despite the small sample size the diversity of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 from anurans in the Afrotropical region was found to be high. Four species were collected from four localities, one in South Africa, two on Cameroonese mountains and one in Madagascar: Rhabdias picardiae sp. n. from the bufonid Amietophrynus gutturalis (Power); Rhabdias ohlerae sp. n. and Rhabdias tanyai sp. n. from the arthroleptids Leptopelis brevirostris (Werner) and Astylosternus rheophilus Amiet, respectively; and Rhabdias vencesi sp. n. from the mantellid Boophis madagascariensis (Peters). Distinctive characters between these species are numerous and obvious, based on body size, shape and size of the buccal capsule, arrangement of head papillae, and shape and size of the oesophagus and intestinal apex. Molecular data based on 500 bp of 12S rDNA and 600 bp of coxI of three of the four species are presented. Rhabdias vencesi resembles Rhabdias madagascariensis Chabaud, Brygoo et Petter, 1961 from an African ptychadenid introduced on Madagascar, but differs in body size and head morphology. The remaining new species are clearly distinct from those previously known from Afrotropical anurans. Outside the Afrotropics, some Rhabdias species present characters similar to those observed in the new species, but they all differ in various other characters. No clear correlation was seen between Rhabdias species and families of anuran hosts in this region. However, the narrow buccal capsule seen in Rhabdias species from Afrotropical lissamphibians opposes them to the majority of Rhabdias parasitic in chamaeleonids. Furthermore, the infective larva of R. vencesi has a conical pointed tail, while those of Rhabdias from chameleons have a rounded tail tip ornated with a few buds.
We provide new sufficient conditions for the convergence of the secant method to a locally unique solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space. Our new idea uses “Lipschitz-type” and center-“Lipschitz-type” instead of just “Lipschitz-type” conditions on the divided difference of the operator involved. It turns out that this way our error bounds are more precise than the earlier ones and under our convergence hypotheses we can cover cases where the earlier conditions are violated.
Feature reduction is an important issue in pattern recognition. Lower feature dimensionality could reduce the complexity and enhance the generalization ability of classifiers. In this paper we propose a new supervised dimensionality reduction method based on Locally Linear Embedding and Distance Metric Learning. First, in order to increase the interclass separability, a linear discriminant transformation learnt from distance metric learning is used to map the original data points to a new space. Then Locally Linear Embedding is adopted to reduce the dimensionality of data points. This process extends the traditional unsupervised Locally Linear Embedding to supervised scenario in a clear and natural way. In addition, it can also be seen as a general framework for developing new supervised dimensionality reduction algorithms by utilizing corresponding unsupervised methods. Extensive classification experiments performed on some real-world and artificial datasets show that the proposed method can achieve comparable to or even better results over other state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction methods.
The new test approach for evaluation of thermo-visco-elastic parameters of elastomers is designed, realized and discussed herein. The main attention is devoted to a kinematically excited rubber beam specimen under transient resonant sweep excitation. Mechanical material characteristics, i.e. Young modulus and loss angle, are identified from analytical formulas of frequency function based on measured dynamic loading and response signals. Heat material constants were estimated indirectly by numerical thermo-mechanical FE model and matching numerical and experimental results. The 'sweep' regime tests serve for estimation of thermal and mechanical dependences. Long-term fatigue tests with cyclic resonant loading enable analysis of material degradation, such as hardening and permanent deformations. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The cytotoxicity of 18 new 1,2,6-thiadiazin-3,5-dione 1,1-dioxides was evaluated. This group of products was previously assayed against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and some of them showed a high antiprotozoal activity. Thereafter 13 compounds with a high anti-epimastigote activity and low cytotoxicity were selected to be assayed against amastigotes. Some of the products showed the same or even lower cytotoxicity than nifurtimox and benznidazole, but most of them were very toxic for macrophages at 100 µg/ml. Only one of the compounds had an anti-amastigote activity similar to that of reference drugs at 10 µg/ml, but unfortunately this disappeared at lower concentrations.
The present study deals with the properties oi the Šolc type monochromatic interference-polarization filters and the possibilities of their use for solar observations. In the first part the characteristics of the Šolc filter in distinction to those of the Lyot filter are mentioned. Then, the features of some of the working Šolc type filters are studied and the results obtained by means of them are compared with the theoretically assessed values. In particular the following properties háve been investigated: the half-widths of the
individual filters and their dependence on the wavelength, the spacing of the principal maxima of the filters and their dependence on the wavelength, the spacing and intensity of the first secondary maxima, the permissible convergence of the beam of rays entering
into the filter, the dependence of the position of the maxima on the inclination of the filter to the optic axis, the dependence of the position of the maxima on temperature and the transmission of the filter. The obtained results are presented in table and diagrams.
Summarilly it can be said that the Šolc type filters offer an advantageous research tool in cases, where their considerable intensity of the secondary maxima and their high sensitivity to the convergence of the beams is not a handicap, in other words, that they are very well suited for observations of prominences in a coronograph, where their high transmission at a relatively large half-width will be appreciated. On the other hand, in cases where a smáli half-width is required, that is, first of all in observations of the
chromosphere, the use of the filters has some limitations. In the concluding part some actual cases of application of the mentioned filters for observations of prominences and of the chromosphere are demonstrated.
The paper deals with the washout algorithms of driving simulators. The simulators enable human beings to test the properties of vehicles or to train their control before they are manufactured in extremely realistic circumstances. The problem is that the movement of the platform is limited by its workspace. The washout algorithm realizes the most realistic movement of the simulator within the limited workspace. New improved washout algorithms are described and their improved properties are demonstrated by simulations. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article examines Kim Ir-yŏp (金一葉)’s Buddhist works of fiction of the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by a preoccupation with free love (yŏnae). Kim Ir-yŏp was a pioneering New Woman (sin yŏsŏng) in colonial Korea, who advocated free will in relation to love and marriage, something which directly challenged traditional views and customs. Her involvement in Buddhism gave the false impression that she was a New Woman who had met a tragic end, as if she had departed the world and given up all of her literary and social activities. On the contrary, Kim Ir-yŏp, as a Buddhist woman, was even more eager to produce her works, still considering love as an important subject. The presence of love in her Buddhist writings is more than just a lingering attachment. It should be understood as one of the Buddhist responses to modernity, modernity that is epitomized by free love in colonial Korea. A text-analysis of her Buddhist works of fiction demonstrates how she seriously considers love as part of the process of Buddhist modernization and produces discourses on it by re-discovering and revising old Buddhist legends (tales), for instance.