V práci jsou ukázány možnosti distanční a napěťové tunelové spektroskopie na vzduchu a v elektrolytu. Jako příklad je uvedena distanční tunelová spektroskopie zlata v kyselině sírové a napěťová tunelová spektroskopie zlata na vzduchu a anatasu ve fosfátovém pufru., Jan Weber, Hana Pelouchová, Pavel Janda., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Summary: In the present paper indications have been presented that:
(1) Kernels with tangled magnetic lines of force occur in solar flares.
(2) Random (turbulent) motions occur in hot flare plasma.
(3) A MHD turbulence can explain huge flare energy release (plasma heating. electron and proton acceleration).
(4) It has been also shown that a MHD turbulence can efficiently develop in a strong magnetic field in the solar corona.
On this basis it is suggested that the MHD turbulence is Ihe basic mechanism of the flare energy release.
In May and June 2013 Turkey witnessed one of the longest and biggest social unrests in its modern history. Protesters all around the country rebelled against the government's authoritarian tendencies and police violence, exemplified by the hars treatment of activists resisting the reshaping of Istanbul's favorite Taksim Square and the adjacent Gezi Park. This essay address the origins, development and outcomes of the Turkish "Occupy Gezi" movement. It seeks the roots of the movement on three interdependent levels centered around the uses and misuses of public space and the instrumentalization of civil society in the hegemonical political discourse. Accordingly, the demonstrations are analyzed as (1) a critique of neoliberal developmentarism in Turkey, reflected in the marketization/commodification of public space and the destruction of the envoronment; (2) as a critique of the majoritarian, non-inclusive concept of democracy that accompanies neoliberal economic policies in Turkey and has manifested itself in the attempt to appropriate public space and to gain effective control over "disloyal" elements of society; and (3) finally as a critique of state paternalism, its most palpable effect being the imposition of conservative values, the distaste for alternative life-styles and the construction of a homogeneous mass of "Turkish citizens" adhering to similar values. We argue that the alleged Islamism of the ruling AKP played only an accessory role in the outbreak and development of the protests. What was an ecological protest and outcry at non-participative urban transformation in the beginning turned into a widespread popular happening whose participants tried to create an alternative to the bureaucratic machinery of the neoliberal state and the increasingly authoritarian behavior of its representatives who are unresponsive and unsensitive to the frustrations of oppositional voices, non-religious classes and different life-styles., Petr Kučera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Comparisons of the recent protests in Turkey to the Arab Spring are met with negative responses among representatives of the Turkish governmnet as well as those criticizing the govemment. The attitudes of political opponents emphasizing the difference between Turkey and the other Middle Eastern countries show the impact of Orientalism on Turkish identity as well as perceptions of Turkey's role as a model for (not only) Middle Eastern Muslim countries., Jitka Malečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Fabrication of plasmonic nanoantennas with resonance frequencies in visible range is often challenging due to the necessity of exposure of nonconductive substrates. This work is focused in comparison of conventional fabrication approach using conductive polymer layers and alternative variable pressure electron beam lithography (VP-EBL) method. We have also studied the stability of VP-EBL process for long exposures. and Výroba plazmonických nanoantén s rezonančními frekvencemi ve viditelné oblasti pomocí elektronové litografie mnohdy přináší nutnost expozice nevodivých substrátů. Tato práce je zaměřena na porovnání výsledků dosažitelných konvenčním přístupem za použití vodivých polymerů a alternativního postupu v podobě litografie za variabilního tlaku (VP-EBL). Dále je testována stabilita VP-EBL procesu pro dlouhodobé expozice.