This study examines osteological remains from an urban Medieval settlement in Brno. Plots at Dominikánská and Kobližná streets and the organization of meat supplies in Brno city in the High Middle Ages were investigated. Evidence for 21 animal species was found with the dominant source of meat coming from cattle and the proportion of poultry increasing in the 15th century. The age structure of slaughter animals and anatomical composition corresponds to normal conditions in Czech, German and Polish territories. Development of the butchery trade could be linked with municipal cities. Butchers‘ guild in Brno took its statute in the 14th century and animals were slaughtered in dedicated slaughterhouses. Occasional fishing also took place. The meat was sold in established meat shops as well as specialised marketplaces., Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Rudolf Procházka, Zdeňka Sůvová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A possible optimal way of measurement and computer evaluation of the locally-shift invariant modulation transfer function of a given digital video-camera in its photographical regime is described in this article. Such a way is based on exploitation of the power spectral density of a static two-dimensional reflection random chart, incoherently illuminated by the white light, and its digital electro-optical image. This chart simulates the white-noise distribution. For its production and for evaluation of the imagedata, the specially developed computer programs were exploited under framework of the computer tool MATLAB 6.5. The chosen evaluational procedure follows from the presented spectral transfer equations containing the squared modulation transfer function which was then smoothed needfully in addition. Some obtained results are presented graphically under the pixel scale of relative spatial frequencies and also evaluated in view of the utilized different camera pixel resolutions and image gathering quality levels. They demonstrate the possibility of the exploited evaluational way to compare the image quality of the digital video-camera under chosen imaging conditions already mentioned. and Článek pojednává o možném optimálním způsobu měření a počítačového vyhodnocování lokálně invariantní funkce přenosu modulace dané digitální videokamery ve fotografickém režimu pomocí spektrální hustoty výkonu bílým světlem nekoherentně osvětleného statického dvourozměrného reflexního náhodného testu a jeho digitálního elektrooptického obrazu. Tento test simuluje bílý šum a k jeho výrobě a k vyhodnocování obrazových dat bylo využito speciálně vyvinutých programů v rámci počítačového prostředí MATLAB 6.5. Zvolený vyhodnocovací postup vyplývá z prezentovaných spektrálních přenosových rovnic obsahujících kvadrát zjišťované funkce přenosu modulace, který byl potom navíc požadovaně vyhlazen. Některé získané výsledky jsou prezentovány graficky v pixelové škále relativních prostorových frekvencí a zhodnoceny se zřetelem k využitým rozdílným efektivním kamerovým pixelovým rozlišením a kvalitám obrazového snímání. Potvrzují, že využitý vyhodnocovací způsob umožňuje srovnávat zobrazovací kvalitu digitální videokamery při zmíněných volbách zobrazovacích podmínek.
Since the Middle Ages, inns served almost exclusively to men, women appeared there only exceptionally. This fact was given by the historical development, typical (not only) for the area of Central Europe. The position of women changed only during the industrial revolution, as they started to take part in the social process of common work, which created conditions for their emancipation.
The process of female emancipation was also expressed in
violation of male domains, especially all kinds of places of recreation. While in the 19th century women were allowed to enter an inn only exceptionally and exclusively in the company of their husbands, fathers or other male relatives, in the 20th century they started to appear here regularly. Women associated in clubs and societies and held their meetings in inns. Particularly female intellectuals and artists followed by other strata of women in twos or alone more and more often sought out suitable facilities, especially coffee houses.
Tato studie se věnuje komentářům a glosám k první kapitole druhé knihy Boethiova Úvodu do aritmetiky, jejímiž autory v poslední čtvrtině 10. století byli Gerbert z Aurillacu (Scholium ad Boethii Arithmeticam Institutionem l. II, c. 1), Abbo z Fleury (komentář ke spisu Calculus od Viktorina z Akvitánie, tzv. De numero, mensura et pondere), Notker z Lutychu (De superparticularibus) a anonymní autor textu De arithmetica Boetii. Studie sleduje dva hlavní cíle: nejprve upozorňuje na to, že Boethiův text o převodu číselných posloupností na stejnost lze interpretovat dvěma rozdílnými způsoby, následně se zaměřuje na využití této problematiky v dalších svobodných uměních a při hraní deskové hry rithmomachie., This paper deals with commentaries and glosses to the first chapter of the second book of Boethius’s Introduction to Arithmetic written by Gerbert of Aurillac (Scholium ad Boethii Arithmeticae Institution l. II, c. 1), Abbo of Fleury (commentary on the Calculus of Victorius of Aquitaine, the so-called De numero, mensura et pondere), Notker of Liège (De superparticularibus) and by the anonymous author (the text De Arithmetica Boetii) in the last quarter of the 10th century. This paper follows two main topics: firstly, Boethius’s work implies possibility of double interpretations of converting numerical sequences to equality; secondly, applications of this topic in other liberal arts and in playing board game called rithmomachia., and Marek Otisk.
The article describes and analyses scientific and organizational activities of Otakar Nahodil at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, within the wider context of Czech ethnography and folkloristics in the 1940-1960s. Based on the study of sources that have never been used for this theme to date and that originate in the management of the Faculty of Arts Charles University, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and various security forces, it was possible to trace the Nahodil´s way to the position of a probably most influential eminent authority in the ethnological science at that time, as well as his subsequent steep power fall. The study points to a lot of extraordinary problematic features of Nahodil´s research work and personality, which - within specific contexts of that period (ongoing marxization, or stalinization of scientific research and transformation in its themes, cleansing and settling of personal scores at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, development of
the study of extra-European territories under the monitoring of intelligent services etc.) - strongly influenced the direction of Czech ethnology at that time.