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22. Maxmilián hrabě Lamberg: "světák" mezi Evropou a Moravou

Creator:
Stanovský, Jaroslav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Czech lands, 18th century, Morava, Enlightenment, literature, aristocracy, intellectual history, České země, 18. století, osvícenství, literatura, šlechta, and intelektuální historie
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper deals with the personality and the work of the noble, writer and intellectual Maximilian count Lamberg (1729–1792) which was already examined by several Czech historians (Polišenský, Kroupa, Cerman). Firstly, the paper evaluates the current state of research to show that despite of the attention of researchers focused on this personality, there are still lot of contexts and details which remain unknown. Secondly, the paper analyses the question of the relevance and the historical value of Lamberg’s conserved works which are situated between memories, essays and autobiographical fiction. In the main part of the paper, the thesis of Jiří Kroupa, which assumes the appurtenance of Maxmilian Lamberg both to the Moravian milieu and to the European Republic of letters, is examined. Lamberg’s accessible works, not only the most famous Mémorial d’un mondain but also the other books, are used as a base of the research.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

23. Mechanismus vášní v "économie animale": k otázce vášní duše v osvícenské medicíně

Creator:
Tinková, Daniela
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
láska, melancholie, osvícenství, fyziologie, psychiatrie, love, melancholy, enlightenment, physiology, psychiatry, vášně duše, passions of soul, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The aim of this study is to show how the emotions - in particular the so-called "passions of the soul" - were understood and interpreted in the medical thinking of the late Enlightenment. We focus chiefly on three innovations in 18th century medicine: the "discovery" of the neuro-cerebral system (the ’birth’ of neurology); the search for the "seat" of illnesses in particular organs (the "birth" of pathological anatomy); and the gradual separation of the body and the soul as objects of medical enquiry (the "birth of psychiatry). We consider whether, and to what extent, these innovations contributed to the breakdown of the "old" diagnostic paradigms of the "passions of the soul", or whether in fact they helped to maintain them. We also discuss to what extent the consideration of these passions fostered a new approach to the relationship between the body and the soul in Enlightenment medicine. Some of the phenomena studied are illustrated by specific examples of (erotic) love and melancholy. and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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24. Názory venkovského faráře aneb "Velká evropská revoluce ještě není završena": „Correspondance littéraire“ Jana Ferdinanda Opize s Karlem Killarem

Creator:
Tinková, Daniela
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Killar, Karel, Opiz, Jan Ferdinand, 1741-1812, osvícenství, francouzská revoluce (1789-1794 : Francie), enlightenment, French revolution (1789-1794 : France), 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The study is based on an analysis of content and themes of the correspondence of the well­known Enlightenment Era "provincial intellectual", a bank clerk from Čáslav Jan Ferdinand Opiz (1741-1812), with a country priest from the highlands on the border of Bohemia and Moravia, Karel Killar (1745-1806). Their correspondence - in most part hitherto unstudied - is deposited in the National Museum in Prague. It consists of more than 300 letters, written over a long period of 16 years (1793-1806), and it is fascinating for several reasons: it is conducted in French, which represents one of the very rare testimonies of a good knowledge of French in some members of other classes than the nobility in the 18th and 19th centuries; in this case, the use of French can be read as an implicit adherence to (French) Enlightenment, and perhaps even to the principles of the French Revolution. And it is the Enlightenment, the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars around which the entire correspondence revolves. Thanks to this we may not only form a deeper and more nuanced insight into Opitz, a well­known sympathizer of the French Revolution, but also into the lesser known figure of Killar, a man of universal education and an Enlightenment era priest of Josephine stamp, who tried to integrate both the Enlightenment and the French Revolution within his firm Christian (Catholic) worldview., Daniela Tinková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Osvícenské vlivy v pedagogickém díle Jana Valeriána Jirsíka

Creator:
Svoboda, Rudolf
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Jirsík, Jan Valerian, 1798-1883, osvícenství, pedagogika, náboženství, teologie, enlightenment, educational science, religion, theology, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
a1_This paper considers the influence of Enlightenment thinking on the pedagogical works of Jan Valerián Jirsík (1798-1883), who earned a place in Czech history as a priest, theologian, active patriot, education campaigner, pedagogue, writer and not least as the fourth Bishop of České Budějovice (Budweis), an office he held from 1851 until his death. Primarily, it draws on and follows up ideas in the writings of the theologian Ctirad Václav Pospíšil and the church historian Kamila Veverková, who both trace the links between Jirsík the theologist and thinkers associated with Bernard Bolzano. Jirsík’s early writings, however, are as much concerned with pedagogy as they are with theology, and the aim of this study is to discover whether his ideas on education were similarly influenced by Enlightenment thinking. It analyses his views on the subject before 1851, i.e. until he became Bishop of Budweis - specifically in the period 1826-1843, when he was much occupied with questions of education and upbringing. In his years as bishop he devoted little time to literary pursuits. The study concludes that the legacy of the Enlightenment era most certainly played an important part in Jirsík’s deliberations on education. There is, however, a certain progression discernible in his thinking. In the early period, of which Sunday School (1826) is a representative text, we see the influence of contemporary Enlightenment clerical pedagogy as he advocates extending human knowledge through reason in order to improve living conditions. Faith and religion are also factors here, especially in his emphasis on the positive role of God the Creator. In the second period under consideration (1836-43), we find closer parallels between Jirsík’s pedagogical and theological thinking., a2_Within ten years of writing Sunday School, his position had shifted from that of a priest attempting to expand or improve education in the spirit of Enlightenment ecclesiastical pedagogy to that of a theologian (and so-called ‘true’ enlightener) who from theological considerations drew conclusions for the educational process. In Jirsík’s view, Christianity and Enlightenment go hand in hand, serving to elevate human life spiritually as well as materially. For him education means the enlightenment of both soul and reason. Nor does he see any contradiction between faith and rationality. It is evident from his thinking that he was convinced of the need to implement the pedagogical ideal of the Enlightenment: to educate virtuous citizens who were also rational., Rudolf Svoboda., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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26. Osvícenství a diplomacie přelomu 18. a 19. století na příkladu kariéry toskánského šlechtice Luigiho Angioliniho

Creator:
Prokopová, Oldřiška
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Angiolini, Luigi, 18. století, osvícenství, cestopisy, diplomacie, enlightenment, books on travels, diplomacy, Toskánsko (Itálie), Tuscany (Italy), 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The study examines the life of a Tuscan nobleman Luigi Angiolini. He was a writer, traveller and diplomat. He was active in the period of the Habsburg reforms, the French Revolution, Napoleonic rule and the restoration in Italy. His travelogue about England and Scotland (Lettere sopra l’Inghilterra, Scozia e Olanda) reflects his education and background which was strongly influenced by Tuscan Enlightenment. During the subsequent Napoleonic rule in Italy, he turned his attention to diplomacy in the services of Napoleon Bonaparte and grand duke Ferdinand III in Paris. The article shows how Angiolini was marked by ideas and trends of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century during his chequered life and how the breakthrough period formed him., Oldřiška Prokopová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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27. Osvícenství jako proces "vernakularizace vědění"

Creator:
Tinková, Daniela
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Czech Lands, 18th century, Enlightenment, National Revival, vernacularization, české země, 18. století, osvícenství, národní obrození, and vernakularizace
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study, in the form of an essay or first draft of opening remarks delivered at an international conference on Culture in the Age of Enlightenment, presents one of many possible models for the conceptualization of the Enlightenment in the Czech Lands. Here Enlightenment is conceived as a process whereby ‘knowledge’ (information) is disseminated and gradually democratized and information networks are expanded. This conception draws primarily on theories of vernacularization and cultural transfer. In view of the directional dynamic, we have focussed mainly on ‘unidirectional’ flow in the sense of dispersal from (informational/cultural) centres to the (informational/cultural) periphery – both socioeconomically (transfer to lower social classes) and geographically (transfer to rural areas remote from major urban and educational centres). In this model, the process of vernacularization and democratization of knowledge was divided into three periods: the early formation of educated elites; the ‘acculturation’ of the middle classes; and the extension of information networks to the petty intelligentsia – and through them to the wider rural population. This last phase, carried out as part of a ‘programme’ of popular enlightenment around the turn of the 19th century, more or less coincided, in the theory Miroslav Hroch, with the first and second phases of the Czech National Revival and relied on the same media (Czech-language newspapers, ‘popular’ literature) and authors (Kramerius, Tomsa, Rulík, et al.)
Rights:
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28. Osvícenství, obrození, vernakularizace či "kulturní obnova"? Dodatečné poznámky ke konceptu osvícenství jako "demokratizace vědění" a ke vztahu osvícenství a obrození

Creator:
Tinková, Daniela
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Czech Lands, 18th century, Enlightenment, national revival, popular enlightenment (Volksaufklärung), české země, 18. století, osvícenství, národní obrození, and Volksaufklärung
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study is a response to the preceding discussion on the original essay on the concept of enlightenment. It examines the relationship between enlightenment, national revival and Romanticism, issues of popular enlightenment, and the role of the Catholic clergy in the Enlightenment, with further remarks on the phases and specific features of the Czech Enlightenment.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29. Osvícenství, teologie a církevní historie

Creator:
Svoboda, Rudolf
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
osvícenství, teologie, církevní dějiny, enlightenment, theology, church history, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This study aims to present the problems of the perspective of Catholic theology and Catholic historiography on the Enlightenment. In its first part it attempts to find an answer to the question: is the Church History rather theological or historical discipline? Then it shows some specifics of the Catholic perspective in the Church History discipline before and after the 2nd Vatican Council. In its second part it shows reflection of the problems of Enlightenment in the Catholic theology. In the next part this study dwells on discussion about understanding of Enlightenment in history since 1908 till now. In its last part shows reflection of theological and historical research in the Bohemian area before and after the 2nd Vatican Council., Rudolf Svoboda., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30. Práca Václava Trnku z Křovic Historia febrium intermittentium o malárii v oblasti habsburskej monarchie

Creator:
Jurámiková, Babeta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
medicine, Enlightenment, history of medicine, malaria, fevers, Hungary, Trnava, Wenzel Trnka von Krzowitz, Tábor, medicína, osvícenství, dějiny lékařství, malárie, horečky, Uhry, Václav Trnka z Křovic, Trnka, and Trnkové z Křovic
Language:
Czech
Description:
Wenzel Trnka von Krzowitz was born in 1739 in Tabor. He graduated from the University of Vienna, where after studying philosophy he studied at the Faculty of Medicine. His personality and systematic work attracted the attention of Gerard van Swieten, who in 1769 made a significant contribution to the institutional establishment of the first medical faculty in the Hungarian Lands. Trnka thus became one of the founding members of this faculty, where he was appointed professor of anatomy. The Faculty of Medicine was the last part of the Pázmany University to be established in Trnava, which could not meet the needs of a growing university, especially of the medical faculty itself, and so in 1777 the entire campus was moved to Buda. While still in Trnava, in 1775, Trnka published one of his most important works, Historia febrium intermittentium, in which he discusses intermittent fevers. These fevers were a relatively common and unpleasant phenomenon in Europe, especially in certain regions. They are caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, discovered in the 19th century, which cause several types of malaria, all of them being characterised by periodic bouts of fever. In his work, Trnka discusses in detail both the actual course of the disease and the treatment, emphasizing the use of quinine bark. The work contains several historically valuable chapters. It describes views and treatments of malaria in the 18th century, focusing also on those areas in the Habsburg Monarchy where the disease was widespread. Through Trnka’s work, the article provides an insight into life with this now exotic disease, which is today of little concern in our part of the world.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public