Czechoslovakia, as a successor state of Austria-Hungary, was forced to deal with the loss of the large protected domestic market that had been provided by membership of the former empire. Several trade missions were organised in the early 1920s in order to seek new areas of activity for Czechoslovak exports and imports, often in hitherto unknown markets. The missions were initiated by the Ministry of Trade or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The paper describes a mission organised by Václav Girsa, which was led by Josef Hříbek. The Hříbek mission was a Czechoslovak legionaries' mission, organised as a by-product of the return of the Legions en route from Vladivostok to Europe. The mission aimed at providing a first hand analysis of the Turkestan area. The route led from Vladivostok, through Bombay, to British Balochistan and then from Eastern Persia to Turkestan. ongoing local conflicts caused a major change in the mission's plans and the group undertook an economic and political study of persia instead., Adéla Jůnová Macková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Učitelé dělají o prázdninách samozřejmě leccos. My ale můžeme mluvit o jedné konkrétní činnosti, za kterou tak trochu můžeme. Někteří učitelé a studenti učitelství totiž za naší asistence jezdí na zahraniční zájezdy (CERN Ženeva 2003, DESY Hamburk, Stockholm, Kodaň 2004, Itálie 2005), kde se rekreace a poznávání ciziny kombinují s fyzikálním vzděláváním. and Jiří Dolejší, Irena Koudelková.
The desire to explore distant lands and exotic civilisations is a
defining attribute of one of our most famous travellers, Enrique Stanko Vráz (b. 1860 - d. 1932). Besides being a traveller, he was also a photographer, writer and collector. We learn most about his journeys from his books, in which his travel experiences were transmuted into literature, and from the countless photographs taken while staying in exotic countries. Vráz understood
photography to be the perfect means of documenting facts and events; he always preferred an informative to an emotional style. His captions written on glass negatives are of exceptional value.
Vráz would always try to describe and, more importantly, understand
the culture of any country he visited. He himself was a very
charismatic personality with an ability to make friends easily - which is why he was able to find out things that for other travellers and explorers would remain secret. His approach to people from other cultures was open-minded and friendly, but also carried a dose of healthy scepticism.
Studie se v širokém kontextu zabývá proměnami zahraničního cestovního ruchu a výjezdového cestování občanů Československa, respektive České republiky po roce 1989 jakožto specifického dobového projevu politické, ekonomické i sociálně-kulturní transformace a ''návratu do Evropy''. Struktura tohoto pojednání rámcově postihuje základní okruhy otázek, jež se výjezdového cestovního ruchu dotýkaly. Autor nejprve v hlavních rysech popisuje politický a legislativní proces postupného rušení vízové povinnosti ze strany československých orgánů i států západní Evropy stejně jako postupnou liberalizaci a částečné ,,odstátnění'' tuzemské devizové politiky a agendy souvisící s cestovním ruchem. Druhá část je věnována kontinuitám a diskontinuitám platforem cestovního ruchu, zejména pak transformaci stávajících cestovních kanceláří (Čedok) a hromadnému vzniku nových kanceláří a agentur, jakož i jejich vzestupům a pádům (cestovní kancelář Václava Fischera). Tento pohled tvoří určitou sondu do porevolučních hospodářských dějin v kombinaci s dějinami politiky cestovního ruchu. Ve třetí části autor sleduje, do kterých zemí, v jakém počtu a také z jakých typických důvodů směřovaly od počátku devadesátých let zahraniční cesty československých a českých obyvatel. Analýzy dostupných kvantitativních dat jsou doplněny interpretací závěrů z realizovaného orálněhistorického výzkumu, který mimo jiné zjišťoval, jaké podoby mělo polistopadové cestování do zahraničí, jak je vnímali jeho účastníci a jaké významy mu přisuzovali., This article is concerned with changes in the tourist industry and travel abroad by Czechoslovaks and, after late 1989, Czechs as a particular expression of the political, economic, and socio-cultural transformation of that period, incuding the ''return to Europe''. The structure of the article is based roughly on the basic groups of questions, which concern tourism abroad. The author first describes in broad outline the political and legislative processes of the gradual lifting of visa restrictions by the Czechoslovak authorities and the states of western Europe as well as the gradual liberalization and partial ''denationalization'' of Czechoslovak currency policy and paperwork related to tourism. He then, in the second part, looks at the continuities and discontinuities of the forms of the tourist industry, particularly the transformation of the existing travel agencies (under the former Čedok monopoly) and the massive emergence of new travel agencies, as well as their rise and fall (for instance, Fischer Reisen, the travel agency of Václav Fischer). In combination with the history of travel-industry policy, the result seeks to be a contribution to the economic history of the country after the Changes of late 1989. In the third part of the article, the author traces the countries to which Czechoslovak, and later, Czech citizens travelled and in what number, and what their typical reasons were, from the beginning of the 1990s onwards. His analysis of the accessible quantitative data is followed by his interpretations of oral-history research intended, among other things, to discover the forms that travel abroad took after November 1989, how the participants perceived this travel, and what importance they attached to it., Pavel Mücke., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy