In the present text I have attempted to describe the profession of elementary school teacher and the changes it underwent in the last quarter of the 18th century. At that time, the education of the majority of children between the ages of six and twelve or thirteen was mostly in the hands of village schoolmasters, and these are my primary focus. Following the reform of the education system by Maria Teresa, teachers in Bohemia and Moravia were trained predominantly in what were known as preparanda at the Normal School in Prague. Their training differed from that of their predecessors in that their knowledge was now tested in examinations, with greater emphasis on teaching methods and closer supervision. Drawing on lists of teacher training graduates and other sources, I have analysed how many graduated every year and under what conditions, what textbooks they later used in the classroom, and the official view of pedagogy at that time. From those lists I was able to conclude that graduates who only spoke Czech ended up teaching only in small Czech-medium village schools. By looking at certain individual teachers more closely (such as the composer Jakub Jan Ryba, the pastor Tomáš Juren and several members of the Vlach family of teachers from Boleslav), my aim was to describe in outline the career of these "Czech" village schoolmasters, their motivation, level of knowledge, and deduce what they probably taught. From 1787 on, they were subject to inspection by regional school commissioners. I focussed on the first sixteen of these (one for each region), noting in particular how they were selected, their duties and aims. For it is they who were the guarantors of the new school system and the disseminators of the new thinking.As a result of the reforms, mandatory training and more exacting standards, elementary school teachers were able to improve their social standing and prestige., Michal Kneblík., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This article summarizes the most important events at the Department of Optometry and Orthoptics in 2017. In addition to participation in traditional conferences, we can mention our new doctoral graduate of Medical Biophysics Mgr. Pavel Kříž. Also we have invited at our department a lecturer from Palestine and we took part in Croatia lecturing scholarship. and V článku jsou obsaženy nejdůležitější události na katedře optometrie a ortoptiky LF MU Brno, které se odehrály v roce 2017. Kromě aktivních účastí na tradičních konferencích se jedná hlavně o nového absolventa doktorského studia v oboru Lékařská biofyzika Mgr. Pavla Kříže, Ph.D. Dále jsme na katedře přivítalizahraniční lektorku z Palestiny a v neposlednířadě jsme se zúčastnilizahraniční výukové stáže v Chorvatsku.
Dne 7. července 2002 předala paní předsedkyně AV ČR doc. RNDr. Helena Illnerová, DrSc. čestnou oborovou medaili Ernsta Macha za zásluhy ve fyzikálních vědách prof. O. K. Andersenovi z Ústava Maxe Plancka pro výzkum pevných látek ve Stuttgartu. Slavnostní předání se uskutečnilo na zámku Dětenice v rámci 6. pražského kolokvia o systémech s f-elektrony za účasti asi 120 vědeckých pracovníků z celého světa. Uveřejňujeme zde zkrácenou verzi Laudatia předeseného autorem článku a proslovu prof. Andersena při převzetí této medaile. and Mojmír Šob.
von Emil Weeger, Separatabdruck aus den Mittheilungen der k. k. mähr.-schles. Gesellschaft für Ackerbau, Natur- und Landeskunde., and Tištěno švabachem