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2. Life cycles in polar arthropods - flexible or programmed?

Creator:
Danks, Hugh V.
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Arctic, Third European Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (1998 : Birmingham, Česko), climate, temperature, seasonal, life-cycle, arthropods, insects, polar, Antarctic, zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, členovci, hmyz, životní cykly, sezónní vlivy, klimatické vlivy, teplota, arktická oblast, antarktická oblast, fenologická studie, přehledy, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
Language:
English
Description:
Climate features that influence life cycles, notably severity, seasonality, unpredictability and variability, are summarized for different polar zones. The zones differ widely in these factors and how they are combined. For example, seasonality is markedly reduced by oceanic influences in the Subantarctic. Information about the life cycles of Arctic and Antarctic arthropods is reviewed to assess the relative contributions of flexibility and programming to life cycles in polar regions. A wide range of life cycles occurs in polar arthropods and, when whole life cycles are considered, fixed or programmed elements are well represented, in contrast to some recent opinions that emphasize the prevalence of flexible or opportunistic responses. Programmed responses ale especially common for controlling the appearance of stages that are sensitive to adverse conditions, such as the reproductive adult. The relative contribution of flexibility and programming to different life cycles is correlated with taxonomic affinity (which establishes the general lifecycle framework for a species), and with climatic zone, the habitats of immature and adult stages, and food., Hugh V. Danks, and Lit
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3. Species at the edge of their range: The significance of the thermal environment for the distribution of congeneric Craspedolepta species (Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) living on Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae)

Creator:
Bird, Jeremy M. and Hodkinson, Ian D.
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Third European Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (1998 : Birmingham, Česko), zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, hmyz, Psylloidea, Craspedolepta nebulosa, Craspedolepta subpunctata, výskyt, rozšíření, životní cyklus, fenologie, ekologické faktory, teplota, sezónní vlivy, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
Language:
English
Description:
There is much current discussion about the factors that control the distribution and abundance of animal species, particularly at the edges of their range. The significance of temperature for survival and development is compared in two closely related psyllid species (Craspedolepta nebulosa and C. subpunctata) living on the same host plant (Chamerion angustifolium) (Onagraceae) but displaying different distributions along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. The following measurements were made at critical periods during the life cycle (a) winter supercooling points (SCPs), (b) tolerance of short (1 min) and long term (1-25) days exposure to sub-zero temperatures above the SCP, (c) tolerance of short term exposure to high spring/summer temperatures and (d) comparative field development rates among species and sites during the early critical part of the growing season. Successful completion of the life cycle is related to heat availability during the growing season. This appears to limit the distribution of the Craspedolepta species, rather than their survival response to thermal extremes. No significant differences were found between the two species in the supercooling point or in their long and short term survival responses at low or high temperatures., Jeremy M. Bird, Ian D. Hodkinson, and Lit
Rights:
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4. Temperature, development and establishment potential of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the United Kingdom

Creator:
McDonald, Jamie R., Bale, Jeffrey S., and Walters, Keith F.A.
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Third European Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (1998 : Birmingham, Česko), zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, hmyz, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis, vývoj, přezimování, teplota, teplotní biologie, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
Language:
English
Description:
In order to manage the risks posed to domestic crop production by quarantine pests such as Thrips palmi, their potential to establish in a new environment must be assessed. The thermal requirements for development of T. palmi were determined and compared with UK temperatures, to estimate its potential for development under UK conditions. Temperature and rate of development of T. palmi from egg to adult were linearly related between 15 and 30°C, allowing calculation of an overall threshold of 10.1°C, and a sum of effective temperatures of 194 degree-days. In the UK, development of T. palmi would be possible outdoors during the summer when a maximum of up to four or five generations could occur. Comparison of these data with those of the recently established and biologically similar pest, Frankliniella occidentalis, shows that establishment of T. palmi in the UK is unlikely to be limited by an inability to complete the life cycle during the favourable season., Jamie R. McDonald, Jeffrey S. Bale, Keith F.A. Walters, and Lit
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. The influence of thermal acclimation on the amylolytic activity and microanatomy of the alimentary tract of the oribatid mite Galumna elimata (Acari: Oribatei)

Creator:
Šustr, Vladimír and Jan Hubert
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Third European Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (1998 : Birmingham, Česko), zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, roztoči, Oribatei, Galumna elimata, trávicí trakt, trávicí enzymy, amylolytická aktivita, teplota, teplotní aklimatizace, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
Language:
English
Description:
The oribatid mite Galumna elimata was reared under laboratory conditions on algae (Protacoccus spp.) at different temperatures (5, 15 and 20°C). Higher weight-specific amylolytic activity was found in the whole body homogenates of mites exposed to cold acclimation (5°C, 21 days) in comparison with individuals acclimated to 15 and 20°C. Accompanying parameters (live body weight, content of total soluble proteins in the body, protein-specific amylolytic activity, presence and composition of food boluses, activity of mesenteric and caecal wall cells, gregarinid parasitisation, number of glycogen granulae and guanine deposits in mesenchymal tissue, presence of proventricular glands) were investigated at all three acclimation temperatures to explain mechanisms of this change. The acclimation response of weight-specific amylolytic activity was accompanied by elevation of protein-specific amy lolytic activity. Microanatomical features did not confirm any increased secretion activity of mesenteric and caecal cells in cold acclimated animals. Granulation and apocrine secretion of these cells increased with increasing temperature as with food ingestion. The food boluses contained algae or algae mixed with unknown fungal hyphae in individuals acclimated to 15 and 20°C. The concentrated mucoid substances prevailed in animals exposed to cold, indicating lower feeding activity at 5°C. Based on these findigs, Lye hypothesised that specific amylolytic activity reflected passively the different changes in protein composition of the body at different temperatures and its elevation is without direct adaptive importance., Vladimír Šustr, Jan Hubert, and Lit
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Zdravotní aspekty tepelné úpravy potravin

Creator:
Turek, Bohumil, Šíma, Petr, and Bencko, Vladimír
Format:
braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, chronická nemoc, západní dieta--škodlivé účinky, životní styl, stravovací návyky, fyziologie výživy, produkty pokročilé glykace--škodlivé účinky, produkty pokročilé oxidace proteinů--škodlivé účinky, potravinářská technologie, kvalita jídla, potraviny - manipulace, zpracování potravin, teplota, antioxidancia, potraviny - uchovávání, technologizovaná strava, Advanced Lipoxidation End products, and produkty pokročilé lipoxidace
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Současné poznatky moderně chápané nutriční imunologie mají zásadní význam z hlediska aktivit v oblasti ochrany a podpory zdraví. Existuje nespočet dokladů, že neadekvátní nebo snížený nutriční příjem se neodráží jen klasickými příznaky proteinové a energetické malnutrice, ale také nepříznivým ovlivněním až selháváním imunitních funkcí. Stále rostoucí počet in vitro a in vivo experimentálních a klinických studií dokládá, že produkty neenzymatických reakcí, které vznikají při technologickém a kulinárním zpracování potravin mohou hrát významnou roli při vzniku a globálním šíření chronických nesdělných onemocnění. Prokazuje se, že hlavní patogenetický význam mají tzv. konečné produkty pokročilé glykace (AGE, Advanced Glycation End products), lipoxidace (ALE, Advanced Lipoxidation End products), a oxidace proteinů (AOPP, Advanced Oxidation Protein Products), které představují nejdůležitější nutriční složky kumulující se ve vnitřním prostředí organismu v průběhu jeho celého života. V současnosti jsou považovány za nejčastější složky poškozující zdraví a zároveň představující jednu z významných příčinu růstu incidence chronických nesdělných nemocí ve všech zemích, které přijaly "západní" životní styl., The recent results of research in the field of nutritional immunology have a wide impact on health protection and promotion-related activities. There is a great deal of evidence showing that the inadequate or lowered nutritional intake is reflected in both protein-energetic malnutrition and immune system disorders. A growing number of in vitro/in vivo experimental and clinical studies documents that the products of non-enzymatic reactions formed during technological and culinary processing of food may play a major role in the emergence and global spread of chronic non-communicable diseases. Evidence mainly points to the pathogenic role of advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), which represent the most important dietary compounds that accumulate within the internal milieu of an organism over a whole life span. Currently, these factors are regarded as one of a row of causations with strong negative influence on health and the most frequent causative agents of increasing chronic disease burden in all countries which adopt a "westernized lifestyle"., Bohumil Turek, Petr Šíma, Vladimír Bencko, and Literatura
Rights:
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