This cross sectional study focused on how Postural Stability (PS) indicators: body sway deviation (BSD) and body sway velocity (BSV), change with age and their association with levels of social and physical activity. Observational study: 80 older adults (aged: 60-96) were purposefully recruited from two sources: the University of the Third Age (TAU) (n = 35) and a residential care home (CH) (n = 45). Differences in the indicators of PS, approximated through Centre of Pressure (COP) measurements, were assessed by the Romberg Stance Test (Test A) subsequently repeated on 10 cm foam surface (Test B), using a Kistler Dynamometric Platform. The RCH Group was older, had higher BMI and was less socially and physically active, showed more body sway in all indicators compared to TAU group. For all participants body sway velocity (BSV) was significantly correlated with age. The strength of correlation of body sway deviation (BSD) with age was also significant but not as strong. The findings indicate in line with previous studies that deterioration in BSV is associated with poor PS more than deterioration in BSD. and J. Jančová Všetečková, N. Drey
V predkladanej štúdii autori ponúkajú prehľad problematiky zdravia rómskej populácie na Slovensku spolu s faktormi ktoré ho ovplyvňujú. Rozoberajú demografický vývoj Rómov v spojitosti s reprodukčným a populačným zdravím. Autori predkladajú analýzu zdravia Rómov založenú na výsledkoch parciálnych prieskumov a samohodnotení zdravotného stavu samotnými Rómami. Článok stručne mapuje oblasti najvýraznejších problémov zdravotného stavu rómskeho etnika na Slovensku. Informuje čitateľa o známych príčinách tohto stavu. Zlepšenie situácie v oblasti zdravia vidia autori v transkultúrnom prístupe k Rómom zo strany zdravotníckych pracovníkov a majoritnej spoločnosti a v realizácii efektívnej edukácie zameranej na podporu a ochranu zdravia., In the present study, the authors provide an overview of the health problems of the Roma population in Slovakia together with influencing factors and analyse factors. The demographic development of the Roma in conjunction with reproductive population health. The authors also present an analysis of the health of the Roma based on the partial results of surveys and self-assessed health status. The article briefly charts the area that is most outstanding in health problems of the Roma ethnic group in Slovakia. It informs the reader about the known causes of this condition. The authors see improvement in the health situation through a transcultural approach towards the Roma by health workers and by majority society and effective implementation of education aimed at health promotion and protection., Mária Šupínová, Ladislav Hegyi, Cyril Klement, and Literatura
Životní prognóza pacientů s diabetes mellitus 1. typu (DM1T) se dramaticky změnila po objevu inzulinu v roce 1922, ale stále byla o 25 let kratší ve srovnání s nediabetickou populací. Někteří lidé s DM1T však žili stejně dlouho jako nediabetická populace a neměli pozdní komplikace diabetu. Začali být oceňováni medailemi za dlouhý život s diabetem. Stali se však i předmětem výzkumu zabývajícího se otázkou, proč žijí tak dlouho, čím se odlišují od těch pacientů s DM1T, kteří žili krátce. Práce se zabývá odlišnostmi medailistů a diskutuje různé hypotézy, které by mohly tyto odlišnosti vysvětlit. Zdá se, že velice důležitá je kvalitní kontrola diabetu v prvních 20 letech od stanovení diagnózy, protože existuje tzv. glykemická paměť, která může v dalších letech životní prognózu významně ovlivnit. Život lidí se lineárně prodlužuje od počátku 19. století, prodlužuje se však i život osob s DM1T. Je to způsobeno jednak kvalitnější kontrolou glykemie, jednak kvalitnější prevencí a léčbou komplikací. Ukazuje se, že klesá výskyt terminálních stadií diabetické nefropatie, zlepšuje se primární i sekundární prevence kardiovaskulárních komplikací i kardiologická a kardiochirurgická léčba. Jako nejvýznamnější prognostické faktory zvýšené mortality se jeví manifestní proteinurie, diabetická neuropatie a hypertenze. Pokud nejsou přítomny tyto ukazatele, neliší se životní prognóza pacientů s DM1T významně od životní prognózy nediabetické populace. Klíčová slova: diabetická nefropatie – diabetes mellitus 1. typu – glykemie – glykemická paměť – ICHS – mortalita – pozdní komplikace diabetu – prognóza, The life expectancy of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) dramatically improved after the discovery of insulin in 1922, but was still 25 years shorter than that of non-diabetic population. Some people with T1DM, however, lived to the same age as a non-diabetic population and had no late complications of diabetes. They began to be awarded medals in appreciation of their long life with diabetes. They also became the subject of a research examining why they lived so long and what was the difference between them and those patients with T1DM, whose lives were much shorter. The paper deals with the differences observed in the ´medallists´ and discusses various hypotheses that might account for them. It seems that reliable control of diabetes within the first 20 years following the diagnosis is very important, in relation to the existence of “glycemic memory“ which may significantly affect life expectancy in the following years. Human lifespan in general has been linearly extended since the early 19th century and the same holds for lifespans of people with T1DM. This is due to the higher quality control of glycemia on the one hand, and a better prevention and treatment of complications. It is observed that the incidence of terminal stages of diabetic nephropathy has been dropping, the primary as well as secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications, cardiological treatment and heart surgery have been improving. Manifest proteinuria, diabetic neuropathy and hypertension appear to be major prognostic factors of increased mortality. If these indicators are not present, the life expectancy of patients with T1DM does not significantly differ from that of the non-diabetic population. Key words: diabetic nephropathy – glycemia – glycemic memory – ICHS – late complications of diabetes – mortality – prognosis – type1 diabetes mellitus, and Zdeněk Rušavý, Silvie Lacigová