Cíl studie: Sledování sérových hladin markerů karcinomu prostaty PSA, %freePSA, [-2]proPSA a výpočet PHI v časné dia - gnostice karcinomu prostaty. Typ studie: Pilotní studie Materiál a metody: V imunoanalytické laboratoři Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň (FN) byla vyšetřena séra 76 pacientů Urologické kliniky FN s podezřením na karcinom prostaty a indikovaných k biopsii prostaty pod ultrasonografickou kontrolou (TRUS). U všech pacientů byla stanovena hladina celkového PSA, a pokud byla mezi 0 – 30 μg/l, bylo doplněno stanovení hladin freePSA, [-2]proPSA, vypočítán poměr %freePSA a Prostate Health Index (PHI). Stanovení sledovaných biomarkerů se prováděla chemiluminiscenční metodou na přístroji DxI 800 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Pro veškeré statistické výpočty byl použit statistický software SAS verze 9.2. Výsledky: Nalezli jsme statisticky signifikantně zvýšené hladiny [-2]proPSA a PHI u pacientů s histologicky potvrzeným karcinomem prostaty oproti pacientům s benigní hyperplazií prostaty ([-2]proPSA medián 14 vs. 27 ng/l, PHI medián 35 vs. 77). Naopak u celkového PSA a %freePSA jsme statisticky významné rozdíly v hladinách nenalezli (mediány tPSA 7,1 vs. 7,7 μg/l a %freePSA 16 vs. 11,4 %). Závěr: Pro zpřesnění diferenciální diagnostiky benigní hyperplazie se zdá být stanovení [-2]proPSA a vypočtení indexu PHI velkým přínosem., Objective: Monitoring changes in the levels of biomarkers PSA, %fPSA, [-2]proPSA and calculation of PHI in the diagnostic algorithm of early prostate cancer. Design: Pilot study Material and Methods: The Immunoanalytical Laboratory of University Hospital in Pilsen examined sera of 76 patients from the Urology department of the University Hospital with suspected prostate cancer who have undergone TRUS biopsy. We assessed the levels of PSA and, if the interval of PSA was between 0-30 μg/l, we also assessed the levels of freePSA, [-2]proPSA and we calculated %fPSA and Prostate Health Index (PHI). The monitored biomarkers were measured using the chemiluminescent DxI 800 instrument (Beckman Coulter, USA). All statistical analyses were calculated using the SAS version 9.2 software. Results: We found statistically significant increased levels of [-2]proPSA and PHI in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by prostate biopsy vs. patients with benign prostate hypertrophy ([-2]proPSA median 14 vs. 27 ng/l, PHI median 35 vs. 77). On the contrary, we did not find any significant difference in tPSA and %freePSA (median tPSA 7.1 vs. 7.7 μg/l and %freePSA 16 vs.11.4%). Conclusion: The assessment of [-2]proPSA and the calculation of PHI appear to be of great benefit for a more accurate differential diagnosis of benign hyperplasia., Fuchsová R., Topolčan O., Klečka J., Vrzalová J., Hora M., Kučera R., Dolejšová O., Hes O., and Literatura
Účel studie: Retrospektivně jsme zpracovali výsledky léčby mozkových nádorů stereotaktickou radioterapií a radiochirurgií. Použité metody: Pacienti podstoupili plánovací CT a MR vyšetření. Poté bylo provedeno plánování cílového objemu a ozařovací techniky v BrainLab systému a pacienti byli ozářeni na X-noži Varian s vícelamelovým kolimátorem BrainLab. Radiochirurgie byla aplikována jednorázově s fixací ve stereotaktickém rámu. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili frakcionovanou stereotaktickou radioterapii, byli fixováni pomocí speciální stereotaktické masky. Statistické zpracování bylo provedeno ve spolupráci s Ústavem matematiky a statistiky PřF MU Brno. Výsledky: Celkem bylo ozářeno 101 pacientů s primárními mozkovými tumory. Nejčastěji se jednalo o meningeomy a high-grade gliomy. Medián sledování byl 22,4 měsíců. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili radiochirurgii, měli medián dávky 18 Gy. Pacienti, ozařovaní frakcionovaně, měli medián dávky 25 Gy. Toxicita léčby byla nízká. Stabilizace onemocnění byla zaznamenána u 68 % pacientů, parciální remisi dosáhlo 10 % a jeden pacient měl kompletní remisi. Závěr: Výsledky naší léčby jsou srovnatelné s publikovanými studiemi. Stereotaktické ozařovací metody mají své důležité místo v léčbě primárních tumorů mozku., We analysed retrospectively our treatment of primary brain tumors using stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery. Methods: Patients underwent CT and MR examinations. Target volume and technique were planned in BrainLab system. Patients were irradiated on X knife. Radiosurgery was apllied with fixation using stereotactic frame. Stereotactic mask was used in cases of stereotactic radiotherapy. Statistical processing was performed at Department of mathematics and statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk university Brno. Results: 101 paients were included in our study. In the most of cases there were diagnosis of meningeoma and high-grade glioma. Median follow up was 22,4 months. Median of dose of radiosurgery was 18 Gy. Patients, whose underwent stereotactic radiotherapy, were median of doses 25 Gy. Treatment toxicity was low. Stable disease was recorded in 68 % of cases, partial remission achieved in 10 % patients and one patient had the complete remission. Conclusion: Results of our study are comparable with results other publicated studies. Stereotactic treatment irradiation has the important role in the treatment of brain tumors., Hana Doleželová, Petr Pospíšil, Pavel Šlampa, Irena Čoupková, Jan Garčič, Pavel Fadrus, Tomáš Svoboda, Iveta Selingerová, Ivana Horová, and Literatura
Lipokaliny tvoří velkou skupinu malých extracelulárních proteinů. Vykazují velkou rozmanitost na úrovni sekvenčního uspořádání, terciární struktura je oproti tomu vysoce konzervovaná a představuje ji β-válec tvořený osmi antiparalelními strukturami β-skládaného listu. Vazebné místo ligandu se nachází uvnitř β-válce. Zastávají rozličné funkce, např. transportují retinoidy, steroidy, biliny, feromony, účastní se syntézy prostaglandinů, tvorby ochranného zbarvení bezobratlých, vytváření čichových vjemů, jsou zapojené do regulace buněčné homeostázy a modulace imunitní odpovědi. Lipokalin-2 (neutrofilní s gelatinázou asociovaný lipokalin), časný marker různých typů renálního poškození, vykazuje pleiotropní biologické aktivity v různých typech buněk a tkání. Hraje významnou roli v angiogenezi, apoptóze, organogenezi, zánětu, hematopoeze, v procesu hojení ran, v renální fyziologii, v nádorové a reprodukční biologii., The lipocalin protein family is a large group of small extracellular proteins. The family demonstrates great diversity at sequence level; however, lipocalin crystal structures are highly conserved and comprise a single eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel, which encloses an internal ligand-binding site. They have been associated with a variety of different functions, among them transport of retinoids, steroids, bilins, pheromones, enzymic synthesis of prostaglandins, cryptic coloration, olfaction, immune response, cell regulation. Lipocalin-2 (also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), which is a useful biomarker for early detection of various renal injuries, shows pleiotropic bioactivities in a variety of different cell types and tissues. It plays important roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, organogenesis, inflammation, hematopoiesis, wound healing, renal physiology, tumor and reproductive biology., Fořtová M., Průša R., Vajtr D., and Literatura
Ačkoliv konvenční techniky zobrazení magnetickou rezonancí mají dominantní postavení při vyšetření centrálního nervového systému, přesto tyto techniky nedokážou dát informaci o funkčních vlastnostech mozkové tkáně. Kromě konvenčních MR technik však existují i MR metody umožňující některé z těchto vlastností zobrazit. Mezi ně můžeme zařadit funkční magnetickou rezonanci, difuzně vážené zobrazování, resp. zobrazení difuzního tenzoru a morfometrickou analýzu. Tento článek podává přehled fyzikálních základů zmíněných MR metod a jejich využití ve výzkumu a klinické praxi., Although conventional MR imaging techniques play a crucial role in the examination of the central nervous system, these techniques can not give any information about functional properties of the brain tissue. Besides conventional MRI techniques, however, there are some MR methods enabling evaluation of these functional properties. These methods include functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging, and voxel based morphometry This article presents the basic physical concepts of the above-mentioned MR techniques and the, and Ibrahim Ibrahim, Jaroslav Tintěra
AIMS: Authors studied potential side effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) in cultivation media on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) during long-term cultivation. METHODS: Two lines of DPSC obtained healthy donors (male 22 years, female 23 years) were used. Both lines were cultivated under standard cultivation conditions in four different media containing 10% or 2% FCS and substituted with growth factors. During long-term cultivation proliferation ability, karyotype and phenotype of DPSC were measured. RESULTS: Both lines of DPSC cultivated in a media containing 2% FCS and ITS supplement showed the highest number of population doublings. On the other hand the proliferation rate of DPSC cultivated in a media with 2% FCS without ITS supplement was slowest. Proliferation rate of DPSC cultivated in 10% FCS media with or without FGF-2 was comparable. DPSC cultivated in a media with 10% FCS showed a significantly higher amount of chromosomal aberrations. These chromosomal aberrations do not seem to be clonal but surprisingly we found large amounts of tetraploid cells in the 9th passage in both media containing 10% FCS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study proved that cultivation of DPSC in media containing higher concentration of FCS has critical side effects on cell chromosomal stability. and J. Suchánek, TS. Kleplová, M. Kapitán, T. Soukup
Charcot foot neuropathic osteoarthropathy is a disorder affecting the soft tissues, joints, and bones of the foot and ankle. The disease is triggered in a susceptible individual through a process of uncontrolled inflammation leading to osteolysis, progressive fractures and articular malpositioning due to joint subluxations and dislocations. The progression of the chronic deformity with a collapsed plantar arch leads to plantar ulcerations because of increased pressure on the plantar osseous prominences and decreased plantar sensation. Subsequent deep soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis may result in amputation. The Charcot foot in diabetes represents an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Conservative treatment remains the standard of the care for most patients with neuropathic disorder. Offloading the foot and immobilization based on individual merit are essential and are the most important recommendations in the active acute stage of the Charcot foot. Surgical realignment with stabilization is recommended in severe progressive neuropathic deformities consisting of a collapsed plantar arch with a rocker-bottom foot deformity. and P. Sponer, T. Kucera, J. Brtková, J. Srot
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to find out the impact of degradation and regeneration of force over time at NiTi springs on the value and course of the final acting force and to verify the possibility of using these phenomena for a directed transition to the reverse plateau and its maintaining. METHODS: Static and cyclic mechanical loadings were performed. At first unused springs were tested. Afterwards the springs were mechanically stabilized by stress cycling and finally tested again. The difference in shape of the working curves was assessed. For simulation and description of the force degradation the modified Voight model was used. RESULTS: New springs, mainly those with large hysteresis, showed a significant stress-strain curve movement and shape changes during the cycling. The effect of the stress-strain curve course change disappeared fully in the stabilized springs. Multiple loading led to an overall decrease of force value during the measurement. The effect of force degradation and regeneration over time by simple static loading varies in the range of percentage of the nominal force in the plateau area. The transition between stress-strain curve phases caused by the degradation or regeneration of the force wasn't observed in case of mechanically stabilized springs. CONCLUSIONS: Springs should be mechanically stabilized before their application. The degree of force degradation over time is insignificant for mechanically stabilized springs. Degradation or regeneration of force over time, mechanical stabilization or micromovements in the mouth don't cause any transition between individual stress-strain curve phases. and A. Bezrouk, L. Balský, M. Smutný, T. Nosek, J. Záhora, J. Hanus, R. Polma
Cardiac surgery is inseparably linked to the activation of innate immunity cells recognizing danger signals of both endogenous and exogenous origin via pattern recognition receptors such as TLR receptors. Therefore, we followed by flow cytometry TLR2 and TLR4 expression on blood monocytes and granulocytes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using beating heart surgery (off-pump, n = 34), with use of standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), (on-pump, n = 30), and miniinvasive CPB (mini on-pump, n = 25), respectively, before, during surgery, and up to 7th postoperative day. TLR2 and TLR4 expression both on monocytes and granulocytes was significantly diminished already at the end of CPB being highly significantly decreased at the end of surgery in all patients' groups. TLR2 and TLR4 expression reached preoperative value at the 1st postoperative day being significantly higher at the 3rd postoperative day. Using intracellular staining we found the peak of TLR2 and TLR4 expression inside of monocytes and granulocytes at the first postoperative day in a subgroup of on-pump patients. In conclusion, TLR2 and TLR4 expression is significantly modulated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting as a part of adaptive homeostatic mechanisms induced by major surgery. The very surgical trauma is responsible for TLR2 and TLR4 modulation. Surprisingly, cardiopulmonary bypass itself was little contributing to the modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression. and J. Krejsek, M. Kolácková, J. Mand'ák, P. Kunes, Z. Holubcová, D. Holmannová, M. AbuAttieh, C. Andrýs
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of total hip arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease during a period of five years, focusing on the assessment of the risks and benefits of surgery. During this period we performed total hip arthroplasty in 14 patients (15 hips) with Parkinson's disease. Patients were evaluated by subjective symptoms and objective findings, with a focus on the use of support while walking and walking distance, severity of Parkinson's disease before surgery and at the time of the last follow-up. During the postoperative period, the following parameters were assessed: length of ICU stay, mobilization, complications, the total duration of hospitalization and follow-up care after discharge. Of the 11 patients (12 hips) followed-up 1-5 years with an average of 3 years after operation 8 cases showed progression of neurological disability. 5 patients (6 hips) showed an increased dependence on the use of support when walking and reduced distance that the patient was able to walk. Subjectively, 10 hip joints were completely painless and 2 patients complained of only occasional mild pain in the operated hip. Complications that were encountered were urinary tract infection (5 patients), cognitive impairment (3 patients) and pressure ulcer (2 patients). We did not observe any infection or dislocation of the prosthesis. Three patients fell and fractured the femur and 3 patients in our cohort died during follow up. Implantation of total replacement is possible with judicious indication after careful evaluation of neurological finding in patients with minimal or mild functional impairment of the locomotor system. Prerequisite for a good result is precise surgical technique and optimal implant position with balanced tension of the muscles and other soft tissues around the hip. and PG. Mathew, P. Sponer, T. Kucera, M. Grinac, J. Knízek