The article considers the changing status of natural beauty in the twentieth century. This situation is presented with reference to extreme changes of interest connected with this field of value. The article begins by exploring some current theoretical presuppositions concerning this field (primarily the problem of making a distinction between artistic and natural aesthetic value considered within one aesthetic field). The focus of the following sections is on a pioneering text, which ended a long period of indifference to natural beauty – namely, Ronald W. Hepburn’s “Contemporary Aesthetics and the Neglect of Natural Beauty” (1966). This famous essay is considered in relation to both the general problem of the distinction and the subsequent development of models of the aesthetic appreciation of nature in the second half of the twentieth century (chiefly, the natural environmental model of Allen Carlson and environmental formalism), which were profoundly anticipated by Hepburn.
Cíl. Zhodnotit přesnost v hodnocení renálních cév pomocí kontrastní MR angiografie ledvin pomocí tříteslového systému. Metoda. Třicet dva nemocných s nádorem ledviny podstoupilo dynamickou kontrastní MR angiografii na tříteslovém systému po intravenózni aplikaci gadobenat dimegluminu. U všech nemocných byla provedena operace ledviny, během které chirurg provedl exploraci cévního zásobení a výsledky MRA a operace byly vzájemně porovnány. Výsledky. U 32 ledviny bylo chirurgem nalezeno 44 tepen a 38 žil. Při hodnocení na nemocného byla zjištěna přesnost zobrazení tepen 90, 6%, stejné přesnosti dosáhlo hodnocení žil, pro přesnost celého zhodnocení cév ledviny však přesnost klesla na 84,4%. Lepších výsledků bylo dosaženo u analýzy na cévu - přesnost 93,2 pro tepny, 92,1 pro žíly a 93,9 pro veškeré cévy. Tři cévy nebyly vůbec zobrazeny, tři cévy, i když byly zobrazeny, tak nebyly popsány. Závěr. Kontrastní MRA na tříteslovém přístroji je hodnotnou variantou pro zobrazení cévního zásobení ledviny v předoperačním plánování, trpí však snížením přesnosti vlivem objektivních i subjektivních důvodů., Aim. to assess the accuracy of the evaluation of renal vessels using contrast enhanced MR angiography of the kidney with three-tesla system. Method. 32 patients with kidney tumor underwent the dynamic contrast enhanced MRA using 3T system after intravenous application of gadobenate dimeglumine. All patients underwent the surgery, surgeon assessed the vascular supply of the kidney and the results of the surgical exploration were compared with the findings of renal MRA. Results. 44 arteries and 38 veins were found by surgeon in 32 kidneys. In the evaluation per patient, the accuracy of 90.6% was reached for the renal arteries, the same accuracy for vein evaluation was found. The accuracy for the whole vascular anatomy, the accuracy decreased to 84.4%. In per vessel analysis, the accuracy increased to 93.2% for arteries, 92.1% for veins and 93.9% for all vessels respectively. Three vessels were not displayed, three vessels were not described even if they were present on angiograms. Conclusion. Contrast enhanced MRA of the kidney is a valuable alternative in the preoperative assessment of vasculature before kidney surgery, but suffers from important decrease of accuracy due to objective and subjective reasons., Ferda J, Hora M, Mírka H, Eret V, Kastner J, Baxa J, Kreuzberg B., and Literatura 11