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Start Over Language Multiple languages Subject stomatal conductance Subject water use efficiency Harvested from CDK

1. Anatomical and eco-physiological changes in leaves of couch-grass (Elymus repens L.), a temperate loess grassland species, after 7 years growth under elevated CO2 concentration

Creator:
Engloner, A. I., Kovács, D., Balogh, J., and Tuba, Z.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mesophyll, net photosynthetic rate, phloem, sclerenchyma, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, tracheary, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Leaf anatomy and eco-physiology of Elymus repens, a temperate loess grassland species, were determined after seven years of exposure to 700 μmol (CO2) mol-1 (EC). EC treatment resulted in significant reduction of stomatal density on both surfaces of couch-grass leaves. Thickness of leaves and that of the sclerenchyma tissues between the vessels and the adaxial surfaces, the area of vascular bundle, and the volumes of phloem and tracheary increased at EC while abaxial epidermis and the sclerenchyma layer between the vessel and the abaxial surface were thicker at ambient CO2 concentration (AC). Stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were lower in EC, while net CO2 assimilation rate considerably increased at EC exposure. Contents of soluble sugars and starch were higher in EC-treated couch-grass leaves than in plants grown at AC. and A. I. Engloner ... [et al.].
Rights:
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2. Biomass partitioning and gas exchange in Dalbergia sissoo seedlings under water stress

Creator:
Singh, B. and Singh, G.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
arid areas, leaf water potential, net photosynthetic rate, soil water availability, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Biomass, leaf water potential (Ψl), net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf to air temperature difference (Tdiff), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) were measured in the seedlings of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. grown under irrigation of 20 (W1), 14 (W2), 10 (W3), and 8 (W4) mm. Treatments were maintained by re-irrigation when water content of the soil reached 7.4% in W1, 5.6% in W2, 4.3% in W3, and 3.2% in W4. Seedlings in a control (W5) were left without irrigation after maintaining the soil field capacity (10.7%). Seedlings of W1 had highest biomass that was one tenth in W5. Biomass allocation was highest in leaf in W2 and in root in W4 and W5 treatments. Difference between predawn leaf water potential (ΨPd) and midday (Ψmid) increased with soil water stress and with vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in April and May slowing down the recovery in plant leaf water status after transpiration loss. PN, E, and gs declined and Tdiff increased from W1 to W5. Their values were highly significant in April and May for the severely stressed seedlings of W4 and W5. PN increased from 08:00 to 10:00 and E increased until 13:00 within the day for most of the seedlings whereas gs decreased throughout the day from 08:00 to 17:00. PN and E were highest in March but their values were low in January, February, April, and May. Large variations in physiological variables to air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) indicated greater sensitivity of the species to environmental factors. WUE increased from W1 to W2 but decreased drastically at high water stress particularly during hot summer showing a kind of adaptation in D. sissoo to water stress. However, low biomass and reduced physiological functions at <50% of soil field capacity suggest that this species does not produce significant biomass at severe soil water stress or drought of a prolonged period. and B. Singh, G. Singh.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Chain correlation between variables of gas exchange and yield potential in different winter wheat cultivars

Creator:
Jiang, G. M., Hao, N. B., Bai, K. Z., Zhang, Q. D., Sun, J. Z., Guo, R. J., Ge, Q. Y., and Kuang, T. Y.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation, compensation irradiance, cultivars with high and low yield potentials, dark respiration, flag leaf, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Variables of gas exchange of flag leaves and grain yield potentials of five representative winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars varied greatly across different development stages under the same management and irrigation. The cultivars with high yield potential had higher net photosynthetic rate (PN), PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) saturated photosynthetic rate (Psat), stomatal conductance (gs), and maximum apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation (Φm,app) than those with low grain yield, but their dark respiration rate (RD) and compensation irradiance (Ic) were remarkably lower. Compared with overall increase of yield potential of 71 % from low yield cultivars to high yield ones, PN, Psat, Φm,app, and gs were 13, 19, 57, and 32 % higher, respectively; but RD and Ic decreased by 19 and 76 %, respectively. Such difference was evidently large during anthesis stage (e.g., PN by 33 %), which indicated that this period could be the best for assisting further selection for better cultivars. However, transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE) differed only little. At different development stages, especially at anthesis, PN and Psat were positively correlated with Φm,app, gs, and yield potential, and negatively correlated with RD and Ic. Thus the high-yield-potential winter wheat cultivars possess many better characters in photosynthesis and associated parameters than the low-yield cultivars. and G. M. Jiang ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Changes in photosynthetic and growth characteristics of Leymus chinensis community along the retrogression on the Songnen grassland in northeastern China

Creator:
Shi, L.-X. and Guo, J.-X.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
carotenoids, chlorophyll, CO2 concentration, retrogressive succession, salinity and alkalinity gradients, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, ratio of sub-stomatal to atmospheric CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency changed significantly and assimilation capacity dropped continuously along the salinization and alkalinization process in the afternoon. Assimilation capacity of L. chinensis leaf correlated negatively with the degree of salinization and alkalinization. The photosynthetic characteristics of L. chinensis determined its community formation. By changing the ratio of chlorophyll a/b in leaves and accumulating soluble saccharides in rhizome, L. chinensis could adapt to the saline-alkali condition. and L. X. Shi, J. X. Guo.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Clonal differences in photosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.

Creator:
Nataraja, K. N. and Jacob, J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
apparent quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency, CO2 compensation concentration, compensation irradiance, dark respiration, intercellular CO2 concentration, irradiance, quantum yield of CO2 fixation, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The objective of the present investigation was to examine the extent of variations in single leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN) and its relative dependence on stomatal conductance (gs) and the mesophyll capacity to fix carbon in 12 clones of the natural rubber plant. There were significant variations in PN measured at low and saturating photon flux density (PFD); the extent of variation was larger at low than at saturating PFD. The compensation irradiance (CI) and apparent quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (φc) calculated from the PN/PFD response curves showed significant variations among the clones. PN at low irradiance was positively correlated with φc. Thus a clone with large PN at low irradiance, high φc, and low CI may tolerate shade better and thus produce a high tree stand per hectare. A strong positive correlation existed between PN saturated with radiant energy (Psat) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) estimated from the response curves of PN on intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), but gs showed a poor correlation with Psat High CO2 compensation concentration (Γ) led to low CE in Hevea clones. A clone with large Psat, high CE, low gs, and low Γ is the one in which photosynthesis is more dependent on the mesophyll factors than stomata. Such a clone may produce relatively high biomass and maintain high water use efficiency. and K. N. Nataraja, J. Jacob.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Comparison of effects of salt and alkali stresses on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat

Creator:
Yang, C. W., Wang, P., Li, C. Y., Shi, D. C., and Wang, D. L.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cartenoids, chlorophyll, NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, Triticum, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The seedlings of wheat were treated by salt-stress (SS, molar ratio of NaCl: Na2SO4 = 1:1) and alkali-stress (AS, molar ratio of NaHCO3: Na2CO3 = 1:1). Relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area, and water content decreased with increasing salinity, and the extents of the reduction under AS were greater than those under SS. The contents of photosynthetic pigments did not decrease under SS, but increased at low salinity. On the contrary, the contents of photosynthetic pigments decreased sharply under AS with increasing salinity. Under SS, the changes of net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were similar and all varied in a single-peak curve with increasing salinity, and they were lower than those of control only at salinity over 150 mM. Under AS, PN, gs, and E decreased sharply with rising salinity. The decrease of gs might cause the obvious decreases of E and intercellular CO2 concentration, and the increase of water use efficiency under both stresses. The Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in shoot increased and the K+ content in shoot decreased under both stresses, and the changing extents under AS were greater than those under SS. Thus SS and AS are two distinctive stresses with different characters; the destructive effects of AS on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat are more severe than those under SS. High pH is the key feature of the AS that is different from SS. The buffer capacity is essentially the measure of high pH action on plant. The deposition of mineral elements and the intracellular unbalance of Na+ and K+ caused by the high pH at AS might be the reason of the decrease of PN and gs and of the destruction of photosynthetic pigments. and C. W. Yang ... [et al.].
Rights:
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7. Compensatory effects of elevated CO2 concentration on the inhibitory effects of high temperature and irradiance on photosynthetic gas exchange in carrots

Creator:
Thiagarajan, A., Lada, R., and Joy, P.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Daucus, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
We determined the interactive effects of irradiance, elevated CO2 concentration (EC), and temperature in carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus). Plants of the cv. Red Core Chantenay (RCC) were grown in a controlled environmental plant growth room and exposed to 3 levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (400, 800, 1 200 µmol m-2 s-1), 3 leaf chamber temperatures (15, 20, 30 °C), and 2 external CO2 concentrations (Ca), AC and EC (350 and 750 µmol mol-1, respectively). Rates of net photosynthesis (PN) and transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured, along with water use efficiency (WUE) and ratio of internal and external CO2 concentrations (Ci/Ca). PN revealed an interactive effect between PAR and Ca. As PAR increased so did PN under both C a regimes. The gs showed no interactive effects between the three parameters but had singular effects of temperature and PAR. E was strongly influenced by the combination of PAR and temperature. WUE was interactively affected by all three parameters. Maximum WUE occurred at 15 °C and 1 200 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR under EC. The Ci /Ca was influenced independently by temperature and Ca. Hence photosynthetic responses are interactively affected by changes in irradiance, external CO2 concentration, and temperature. EC significantly compensates the inhibitory effects of high temperature and irradiance on PN and WUE. and A. Thiagarajan, R. Lada, P. Joy.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Diurnal and seasonal trends in photosynthetic performance of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Hardwickia binata Roxb. from a semi-arid ecosystem

Creator:
Saraswathi, S. G. and Paliwal, K.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic photon flux density, species differences, stomatal conductance, temperature, transpiration rate, vapour pressure deficit, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Diurnal and seasonal trends in net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration rate (E), vapour pressure deficit, temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density, and water use efficiency (WUE) were compared in a two-year-old Dalbergia sissoo and Hardwickia binata plantation. Mean daily maximum PN in D. sissoo ranged from 21.40±2.60 µmol m-2 s-1 in rainy season I to 13.21±2.64 µmol m-2 s-1 in summer whereas in H. binata it was 20.04±1.20 µmol m-2 s-1 in summer and 13.64±0.16 µmol m-2 s-1 in winter. There was a linear relationship between daily maximum PN and gs in D. sissoo but there was no strong linear relationship between PN and gs in H. binata. In D. sissoo, the reduction in gs led to a reduction in both PN and E enabling the maintenance of WUE during dry season thereby managing unfavourable environmental conditions efficiently whereas in H. binata, an increase in gs causes an increase of PN and E with a significant moderate WUE. and S. G. Saraswathi, K. Paliwal.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Diurnal gas exchange and superior resources use efficiency of typical C4 species in Hunshandak Sandland, China

Creator:
Niu, S. L., Jiang, G. M., Li, Y. G., Gao, L. M., and Liu, M. Z.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
adaptation to arid environment, Agriophyllum, C3 species, Leymus, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water potential (ψleaf), leaf nitrogen content, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) were compared between a typical C4 plant, Agriophyllum squarrosum and a C3 plant, Leymus chinensis, in Hunshandak Sandland, China. The plant species showed different diurnal gas exchange patterns on June 12-14 when photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature (Tair), and water potential were moderate. PN, E, and gs of A. squarrosum showed distinct single peak while those of L. chinensis were depressed at noon and had two peaks in their diurnal courses. Gas exchange traits of both species showed midday depression under higher photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and T air when Ψleaf was significantly low down on August 6-8. However, those of A. squarrosum were depressed less seriously. Moreover, A. squarrosum had higher PN, Ψleaf, water use efficiency (WUE), and PNUE than L. chinensis. Thus A. squarrosum was much more tolerant to heat and high irradiance and could utilise the resources on sand area more efficiently than L. chinensis. Hence species like A. squarrosum may be introduced and protected to reconstruct the degraded sand dunes because of their higher tolerance to stress and higher resource use efficiency. and S. L. Niu ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Effects of angular leaf spot and rust on leaf gas exchange and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Creator:
Jesus Junior, W. C., Vale, F. X. R., Martinez, C. A., Coelho, R. R., Costa, L. C., Hau, B., and Zambolim, L.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
healthy leaf area index, Phaeoisariopsis griseola, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, Uromyces appendiculatus, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Isolated and interactive effects of angular leaf spot (caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola) and rust (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus) on leaf gas exchange and yield was studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) plants. Gas exchange was measured on 37, 44, 51, and 58 d after planting using a portable photosynthesis system. The inoculation of plants with P. griseola (P), U. appendiculatus (U), and the combination of both pathogens (P+U) caused a significant reduction of net photosynthetic rate (PN) and yield. The reduction of stomatal conductance (gs), PN, and yield was higher under P and combination of P+U than under U treatment. By effect of U, the reduction on yield was higher than the reductions on gas exchange parameters. On the treatment P+U, a reduction of 23 % in PN and a correspondent reduction of 32 % in yield was observed. The interactive effects of the pathogens on yield could be explained in part by the decreases in gs and in PN of diseased bean leaves. The combined effect of both diseases on yield and gas exchange parameters suggests an antagonistic interaction. and W. C. Jesus Junior ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public