Number of results to display per page
Search Results
18312. Nest box usage by old edible dormice (Glis glis) in breeding and non-breeding years
- Creator:
- Trout, Roger C., Brooks, Sarah, and Morris, Pat
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- extended hibernation, management, long term trend, and climate change
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Evidence from the only woodland study in the U.K. of the non-native edible dormouse shows (using nest boxes inspected monthly), that whilst some or much breeding occurs in most years, non-breeding years also occur. This is understood to relate to the number of tree species flowering in spring and the amount of flower production. Morris & Morris (2010) used a small sample to show that some adult animals do not appear in the nest box inspection records during the non-breeding years, but are present during the next breeding year. We have subsequently refined and increased the database, collating information on a sample of 222 glis (136 female, 86 male) known to be alive for between 5 and 13 years during a continuous study period of 18 years. The number of old animals (living to at least five years) recorded in nest boxes is significantly different between years of breeding and non-breeding with up to 90 % absent. There is no evidence that they move elsewhere in the isolated wood. Both males and females displayed this trait. The paper discusses alternative explanatory options interpreted from this. The applied science impact is that if 18 month hibernation is proven the time and cost implications for population control planning are severe. Future research is aimed at demonstrating the reality.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18313. Nest loss and chick mortality in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Banasa bonasia) in West Carpathians
- Creator:
- Saniga, Miroslav
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- capercaillie, hazel grouse, predation pressure, and West Carpathians
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- From 1983–2001, nest and chick losses in capercaillie and hazel grouse were studied in the mountains of Central Slovakia (Veľká Fatra Mts, Malá Fatra Mts, Kremnické vrchy Mts, Starohorské vrchy Mts, and Nízke Tatry Mts, 18°50’–19°10’E; 48°47’–49°19’N). Out of 75 capercaillie clutches 49 (65%) were destroyed. Out of 159 hazel grouse clutches 104 (65%) were destroyed. The main mammalian egg predators were stone marten (Martes foina), pine marten (Martes martes), mustelids (Mustela sp.), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (altogether 22%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (9%), and brown bear (Ursus arctos) (3%). The predation pressure on capercaillie and hazel grouse nests decreased significantly during the incubation period (74% nest losses during the first half of May, 54% in the second half of May). Nest losses in both capercaillie and hazel grouse followed the fluctuation in small rodents, with lowest losses during peak year (57%) and highest losses during crash year (82%) and prepeak year (80%). Average number of capercaillie chicks accompanying a hen in June significantly decreased during the study period (5.0 in 1983, 2.6 in 2001). In contrast, in hazel grouse, no significant decrease in number of chicks per hen in June was recorded during the study period.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
18314. Nest predation in European reedbeds
- Creator:
- Báldi, András and Batáry, Péter
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- artificial nests, edge effect, habitat fragmentation, great reed warbler, and variability
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Higher nest predation at habitat edges is a major problem for conservation biology. We studied nest predation using artificial nests resembling great reed warblers’ nests at edges and interiors of reedbeds in four large wetlands in Europe: Lake Hornborga (Sweden), Lake Neusiedl (Austria), Lake Velence (Central-Hungary) and Kis-Balaton marshland (West-Hungary). Nest losses showed great local and temporal variation, and in general there was larger nest predation at the edges than in the interior reedbeds. Predation rates of artificial nests along different reedbed edges showed great variation. In contrast, predation rates of interiors were more similar across all experiments, with less variation. This may indicate the existence of a habitat-specific predation rate with less variation in interiors of large habitats, while edges are more exposed to the influences of other factors, which resulted in higher variation of predation rates among study sites. Therefore, reedbed conservation should prefer large stands if considering only passerine nest predation, because (1) nest survival seems to be higher in interior than at edges, and (2) because interiors are less variable, i.e. more stable than edges. The designation of reedbeds cannot rely on reedbed edges, where predation can change due to factors not related to the reed habitat at all.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
18315. Nested PCR detection of Plasmodium malariae from microscopy confirmed P. falciparum samples in endemic area of NE India
- Creator:
- Dhiman, Sunil, Goswami, Diganta, Kumar, Dinesh, Rabha, Bipul, Kumar Sharma, Dhirendra, Kumar Bhola, Rakesh, Baruah, Indra, and Veer, Vijay
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- malaria, diagnostics, blood samples, OptiMAL-IT®, sensitivity, specificity, and Assam
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present study evaluates the performance of OptiMAL-IT® test and nested PCR assay in detection of malaria parasites. A total of 76 randomly selected blood samples collected from two malaria endemic areas were tested for malaria parasites using microscopy and OptiMAL-IT® test in the field. PCR assays were performed in the laboratory using DNA extracted from blood spots of the same samples collected on the FTA™ classic cards. Of the total of 61 field confirmed malaria positive samples, only 58 (95%) were detected positive using microscopy in the laboratory. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and false discovery rate of OptiMal-IT® in comparison to the microscopy were 93%, 83%, 95%, 79% and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR assay were 97% and 100 %, respectively, whereas positive predictive value, negative predictive value and false discovery rate were 100%, 90% and 0%, respectively. The overall performance of OptiMal-IT® and PCR assays for malaria diagnosis was 76% and 97%, respectively. PCR assay enabled the identification of infection with Plasmodium malariae Laveran, 1881 in four samples misidentified by microscopy and Plasmodium-specific antigen (PAN) identified by the OptiMAL-IT® test. In addition to the standard methods, such PCR assay could be useful to obtain the real incidence of each malaria parasite species for epidemiological perspectives.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18316. Nestoudnice
- Creator:
- Preinhaelterová, Hana and Debí, Ášápuma
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18317. Neštovice sýkory koňadry
- Creator:
- Literák, Ivan
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Od r. 2005 bylo ve střední Evropě popsáno 50 případů kožní formy avipoxvirové infekce (neštovic) u sýkor koňader (Parus major). Většina případů byla diagnostikovaná v průběhu zimy od října do března. Neštovice koňader se začaly objevovat ve střední Evropě teprve po r. 2005. Příčiny tohoto vzplanutí zůstávají neznámé. and A total of 50 cases of skin avipoxvirus infection in the Great Tits (Parus major) have been described in central Europe since 2005. Most of the cases were diagnosed during the winter season (October–March). Avipoxvirus infections in Great Tits have emerged in central Europe since 2005, but the reason for this sudden increase remains unknown.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
18318. Nestvůra zemská
- Creator:
- Havel, Ivan M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18319. Net CO2 uptake rates for Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus under field conditions: Drought influence and a novel method for analyzing temperature dependence
- Creator:
- Ben-Asher, J., Nobel, P. S., Yossov, E., and Mizrahi, Y.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- activation energy, CAM plants, cacti, optimal temperature, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, oxygenase
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Net CO2 uptake rates (PN) were measured for the vine cacti Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus under relatively extreme climatic conditions in Israel. Withholding water decreased rates and the daily amount of CO2 uptake by about 10 % per day. Compared with more moderate climates within environmental chambers, the higher temperatures and lower relative humidity in the field led to a more rapid response to drought. The upper envelopes of scatter diagrams for PN versus temperature for these Crassulacean acid metabolism species, which indicate the maximal rates at a particular temperature, were determined for both night time CO2 uptake in Phase I (mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PEPC) and early morning uptake in Phase II (mediated by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, RuBPCO). As stem temperature increased above 13 °C, the maximal PN increased exponentially, reaching maxima near 27 °C of 12 and 8 μmol m-2 s-1 for Phases I and II, respectively, for H. undatus and 6 and 4 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively, for S. megalanthus. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energies of PEPC and RuBPCO were 103 and 86 kJ mol-1, respectively, for H. undatus and 77 and 49 kJ mol-1, respectively, for S. megalanthus, within the range determined for a diverse group of species using different methodologies. Above 28 °C, PN decreased an average of 58 % per °C in Phase I and 30 % per °C in Phase II for the two species; such steep declines with temperature indicate that irrigation then may lead to only small enhancements in net CO2 uptake ability. and J. Ben-Asher ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18320. Net photosynthesis of black locust seedlings in response to irradiance, temperature and CO2
- Creator:
- Mebrahtu, M., Layne, D. R., Hanover, J. W., and Flore, J. A.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The responses of rates of net photosynthesis (F^) to photosynthetic photon fluence rate (i), leaf temperature and CO2 were studied inhalf-sib families of greenhouse and field grown black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings. The response of to 1 was similar in both greenhouse and field grown seedlings, except the quantum yields were lower in the field grown seedlings. The saturáting / was as low as 600 pmol m'^ s'’ in some seedlings but did not saturate at 1900 púiol m'^ s'^ in others. The optimum temperature for in field grown seedlings was shghtly lower than the greenhouse grown seedlings. increased rapidly with increased CO2 up to 350 pmol mol'^ but beyond SOO pmol mol'* the increase was gradual in some families. On average, stomata represented only 23 % of the limitation to Pii with no differences between families observed. Family x I, family x temperature and family X CO2 were not significant for Pj^.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public