This article examines whether there are any differences in the way in which married couples and unmarried cohabitating couples manage their incomes. Using data from the ISSP 1994 and the ISSP 2002 the author attempts to answer the question of whether over the course of the 1990s in the Czech Republic the character of unmarried cohabitation changed, and whether the economic arrangements of unmarried couples with children resemble those of married couples. Crosstabulation indicates that unmarried couples manage their respective incomes separately more often than married couples do. However, if we take into account the different socio-demographic and socio-economic structures of these couples, the differences in income management connected with marital status vanish. The results of a logistic regression show that separate financial management occurs more often among childless couples, people less satisfied with their family life, and those who have experienced the break-up of a partnership before. In the case where an unmarried couple is raising children, the household income arrangement of the partners is similar to that of married couples.
Assisted reproduction has shifted from being an experimental technique to becoming a part of mainstream reproduction medicine. It has become a common and increasingly prevalent method of procreation in the 21st century. The boundaries of what is and is not normal in reproduction (and therefore desired, in the foucauldian sense) are not determined by what is medically possible; rather, they are bound by the legislation, public demand, and ethical and religious norms. Effort to redefine the boundaries determined by the legislation governing assisted reproduction occurred in the Czech Republic between 2008 and 2011. This effort was part of the so-called reformation package, which also included the Act on specific medical services. The Act regulates the conditions under which assisted reproduction is available. One issue that turned out to be controversial was the age barriers for women receiving assisted reproduction. Age barriers together with the issue of availability of assisted reproduction for women without a partner had not been previously clearly defined in the legislation. The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the discussions that occurred in the Parliament when the Act was debated. The paper will focus particularly on the three following issues: how was nature and normality discussed in the context of assisted reproduction; how were these topics related to nature and to society; and how does the adopted Act reflect on the position of a woman as an actor of reproduction.
Príspevok informuje o možnostiach a požiadavkách doktorandského štúdia programov a odborov zameraných na fyzikálne vzdelávanie na Slovensku., Viera Lapitková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article deals with the loss of chance doctrine and its application in the medical malpractice disputes, focusing primarily on the current Czech case law. The aim is to describe the case law leading to the adoption or rejection of the doctrine in Czech legal order in the light of the approach taken in foreign and similar legal systems (Austria, Germany). The aim of the article is also to comment on a solution that would be systemically appropriate for solving cases involving an element of causal uncertainty, whether or not in the form of acceptance of the loss of chance doctrine. and Článek se soustředí na doktrínu ztráty šance a její využití v rámci medicínskoprávních sporů se zaměřením na aktuální judikaturu vrcholných soudů České republiky. Cílem je nastínit argumentaci soudní praxe směřující k adopci nebo naopak odmítnutí aplikace doktríny ztráty šance v českém právu, a to ve světle přístupu zastávaného v zahraničních a nám blízkých právních řádech (Rakousku, Německu) a vyjádřit se k řešení, které by bylo systémově vhodné pro překlenutí případů zahrnujících prvek kauzální nejistoty, ať už v podobě přijetí teorie ztráty šance nebo nikoliv. Postupováno je tzv. od obecného ke konkrétnímu, nejprve je obecně rozebrána problematika doktríny ztráty šance a následně aktuální rozhodnutí českých vrcholných soudů.