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582. Věcná významnost výsledků a její možnosti měření
- Creator:
- Soukup, Petr
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociologie, sociology, substantive significance, effect size, economic significance, clinical significance, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In this article it is argued that one of the main problems in data analysis is an over-emphasis on statistical rather than substantive significance. Statistical significance reports the improbability of specific outcomes from sample data using a null hypothesis. In contrast, substantive significance is concerned with the real-world meaning of data modelling results for a population, regardless of p value, where an effect size estimator is used for evaluation. The argument presented in this article begins with a consideration of how substantive significance may be defined. Thereafter, there is a summary of the literature on substantive significance and its measurement using a variety of effect size estimators, many of which are little known to researchers. This article also examines the topics of economic and clinical significance. In the conclusion, this study discusses attempts to synthesise different concepts of substantive significance and recommends some practical usage of these concepts., Petr Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
583. Velká data jako alternativa výběrových šetření v kvantitativním sociálněvědním výzkumu
- Creator:
- Johana Chylíková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- big data, kvalita dat, metodologie, data quality, methodology, survey, epistemology, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The goal of this article is to inform social scientists, especially those of a quantitative orientation, about the basic characteristics of Big Data and to present the opportunities and limitations of using such data in social research. The paper informs about three basic types of Big Data as they are distinguished in contemporary methodological literature, namely administrative data, transaction data and social network data, and exemplifies how they can be utilized by quantitative social research. According to many, questionnaire-based sample survey as the dominant method of quantitative social research has found itself in a crisis, especially as response rates have decreased in most developed countries and public confidence in opinion polling has declined. The author presents the characteristics and specifics of Big Data compared to survey research - a method whose primary distinguishing characteristic is the capacity to quantify individual behaviour, social action and attitudes at the level of populations. In this context, the article draws attention to the differences between Big Data and survey data typically presented in scholarly literature, namely that datasets are not representative of known populations, the values of observed variables are systematically biased, there is a limited number of variables in Big Data sets, there is uncertainty about the meaning of observed values, and social environment has direct influence on the behaviours captured by Big Data. Attention is also paid to such characteristics of Big Data that pose an obstacle to smooth integration of this type of data in the social scientific mainstream. First, the collection, processing and analysis of Big Data is extremely demanding in terms of programming skills, something social scientists typically do not have. Second, the availability of Big Data is limited as they are normally possessed by private corporations, some of which (Facebook, Google) have undoubtedly come to form data oligopolies - and their management is mostly unwilling to share their data with traditional academics. Based on the above-mentioned specifics, differences and limitations, it is argued that Big Data currently do not have the potential of becoming a full-fledged source of social science data and replacing sample surveys as the dominant research method. Finally, the article draws attention to the specifics of different types of Big Data as they are primarily generated for purposes other than social research and result from specific situations framed by existing social relations - and it is from this perspective that Big Data should be viewed by social researchers., Johana Chylíková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
584. Veřejné mínění o problematice českých dějin
- Creator:
- Jiří Šubrt and Štěpánka Pfeiferová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, history, public opinion, collective memory, historical consciousness, quantitative and qualitative research methods, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Stať převážně empirického charakteru čerpá z archivních dat, ze zdrojů Centra pro výzkum veřejného mínění a z první fáze realizace projektu Grantové agentury ČR s názvem „Sociologický výzkum historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky”. Teoretická část textu vychází z konceptu kolektivní paměti, zejména z myšlenky selektivity a proměnlivosti obsahů uložených v paměti. Článek dále prezentuje kvantitativní data týkající se veřejného mínění o české historii a kvalitativní zjištění výzkumu o historickém vědomí získaná prostřednictvím metody focus groups., The article of a mostly empirical character is drawn from archive data, from the sources of the Centre for Public Opinion Research, and from the first phase of the undertaking of a project of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic entit - led „The Sociological Research of the Historical Consciousness of Inhabitants of the Czech Republic“. The theoretical part of the text is based on the concept of collective memory, especially on the idea of the selectivity and changeability of contents saved in the memory. This article also presents quantitative data concerning the perspective held by public opinion on Czech history, and qualitative perspectives on historical consciousness attained through the use of focus groups., and Jiří Šubrt, Štěpánka Pfeiferová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
585. Věstník Musejního spolku v Přelouči
- Creator:
- Jan Vincenc Diviš
- Publisher:
- Nákladem Musejního spolku
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 52 s. ; 23 cm
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nevládní organizace a kooperace, Musejní spolek v Přelouči, 20. století, 1902-1923, kulturní spolky, Česko, muzejní spolky, Přelouč (Česko), 316.7:061, 069:061.2, (437.314), 050, 18, and 061.2
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- uspořádal Jan V. Diviš
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
586. Víte, kdo vám doma uklízí?: kampaň na podporu domácích pracovnic z řad cizinek
- Creator:
- Eva Čech Valentová
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- domácnosti, cizinky, programy a projekty, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Eva Valentová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
587. Vizualita transnacionálních praktik péče
- Creator:
- Zuzana Uhde
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- péče a výchova, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Zuzana Uhde.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
588. Vliv strukturálních vs. osobnostních faktorů na ideologie distributivní spravedlnosti v ČR 2006
- Creator:
- Jiří Šafr and Ivo Bayer
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, distributive justice, cultural theory Grid-Group, personality traits (Big-Five), 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article compares the level of dependence of four justice ideologies on the structural position of an individual and his/her personal traits. First, the theoretical concept of distributive justice is introduced within the framework of GridGroup Theory. Second, Czech public opinion of justice is analysed with data from the ISJP 2006 survey. Egalitarianism is the most structurally embedded ideology that is infl uenced by all socio-demographic attributes. Nevertheless, psychological factors affect the other ideologies to some extent. Ascriptivism is more characteristic of extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; individualism of openness to experience; fatalism of closeness to experience. Against structural effects, the psychological dimension does not yield considerable improvement in the explanation of justice ideologies., Jiří Šafr, Ivo Bayer., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
589. Vliv věkové a vzdělanostní homogamie a sňatkového věku na stabilitu prvního manželství
- Creator:
- Pakosta, Petr
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rozvod, rozvodovost, divorce, marriage stability, age homogamy, 18, and 316.8
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- As the probability to marry is stratified and differs for people with certain characteristics, it can be expected that some marriages are more likely to end in divorce than others. Among others in the literature the divorce risk factors are often mentioned: too low or too high age, marriage, educational level (low or high education) or educational or age heterogamy. This article describes the effects of age and education of both spouses and their combinations (heterogamy or homogamy) on the stability of marriage in the Czech Republic between 1994 and 2007. Analysis (using event history analysis) is based on data from the Czech Statistical Office and examines those individuals who entered into marriage in 1994. Although, the effect of age at marriage itself is found to be weak, the interaction between age at marriage for men and women exhibits more significant effects. The relationship between education and divorce risk takes the form of an inverted U: people with basic education and people with higher education have the lowest risk of divorce. The assumption of greater stability among homogamous couples is not observed; however, the probability of divorce is higher among heterogamous marriages where the woman is older or has higher education than man., Petr Pakosta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
590. Vliv věku a pohlaví tazatele a respondenta na náročnost výběrového šetření v seniorské populaci
- Creator:
- Petrová Kafková, Marcela
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- senioři, ankety, older people, inquiry, ageing research, interviewer effect, 18, and 316.3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This paper focuses on the issue of surveying older people. Increasing interest in the issue of ageing and old age has been accompanied by infrequent debate on the methodological pitfalls that might influence research into this specific, albeit very heterogeneous population. Interviewers routinely complete post-interview questions that provide important information on such criteria as respondent difficulty in answering the questions posed. This article examines such difficulty in terms of interviewer and respondent characteristics. It investigates three potential explanations of why interviewers judge an interview as difficult: (1) interviewer characteristics (age and gender), (2) socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent and (3) respondents’ sense of well-being. The data used in this study were obtained from four surveys conducted with older people in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2011. These surveys explored ageing and old age. The findings show the crucial importance of respondents’ sense of well-being and level of education. No interviewer age or gender effects were observed., Marcela Petrová Kafková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public