The Institute of Archaeology of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Brno organized in the days of 24.- 25.9.2012 in the town of Hodonín a colloquium "Usus aquarum - Water and Water Structures in the LIfe of the Early Middle Ages Societies of the Central Europe" within the conference series "Internationale Tagungen in Mikulčice". Since the deditors obtained for the planned proceedings of papers in the 10. volume of publication series "Internationale Tagungen in Mikulčice" only 5 papers, these papers were relocated into the journal Synopsis of researches and published here in the block following this introduciton. This is a brief report on the colloquium - its course, aim, programme, etc., Lumír Poláček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The enormous importance of water for human settlement is reflected in the huge quantity of Slavic lexemes in mediaeval settlement names, referring to different kinds of bodies of water, marshland, distinct features of water and so on. Yet place names can also indicate the use of water, as will be shown for Bohemia in thes essay. In analysing these names, the essential precepts of onomastics must be observed. Firstly, rather than giving a run-of-the-mill account, names reflect a distinguishing feature particular to a certain settlement. For example, the name Mlynec indicates that a mill was the only one in its vicinity (and therefore outstanding enough to feature in the name of this settlement(. Secondly, many places names which may appear to refer to the use of water might also have other origins, such as metaphorical relations. In order to determine the impact and the use of water in early mediaeval settlement areas, it must be concluded that there are more reliable ways than counting corresponding topnyms. Analysing the complete toponomasticon of a settlement region offers a more precise picture, as is demonstrated for the region eas of the lower River Neisse/Nysa Lužycka at the end of this essay., Christian Zschieschang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study examines osteological remains from an urban Medieval settlement in Brno. Plots at Dominikánská and Kobližná streets and the organization of meat supplies in Brno city in the High Middle Ages were investigated. Evidence for 21 animal species was found with the dominant source of meat coming from cattle and the proportion of poultry increasing in the 15th century. The age structure of slaughter animals and anatomical composition corresponds to normal conditions in Czech, German and Polish territories. Development of the butchery trade could be linked with municipal cities. Butchers‘ guild in Brno took its statute in the 14th century and animals were slaughtered in dedicated slaughterhouses. Occasional fishing also took place. The meat was sold in established meat shops as well as specialised marketplaces., Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Rudolf Procházka, Zdeňka Sůvová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rescue excavation in Dzeravá Skala cave near Plavecký Mikuláš – fi eld season 2005 (Slovakia). Dzeravá skala cave, known as an important Upper Palaeolithic site, is approximately 22-meters long and is located in the Lesser Carpathians (western Slovakia). During a rescue excavation in 2005 a feature interpreted as an Eneolithic cult pit (Lengyel culture IV – the Ludanice group) was discovered along with ceramic fragments and 21 copper objects., Zdeněk Farkaš., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Cremation in Late-Stage Bell-Beaker Culture Amphoras in Southern Moravia (Including a note on the internal arrangement of Bell-Beaker Culture society). There is an interesting fi nd among the graves of the Bell Beaker Culture in south Moravia (Hostěradice and Jiřice, Znojmo region), in which cremation burial were disposed in urns – especially amphoras covered with another, upside-down vessel (usually a bowl, sometimes a smaller amphora). This intriguing fi nd is the contents of a cremation in Božice – Česká kolonie near Dvůr Hoja. There is a unique, irreplaceable item in the collection of funerary pottery from Božice – Česká kolonie (near Dvůr Hoja) – an urn containing the remains of a cremation. It is a large, wide amphora with four handles and a bulge. The “comb” decoration on its bottom with densely placed thin grooves is very rare in the Bell-Beaker Culture. The cremation inside was covered with a toppled bowl with a wider rim. The grave pit is of cylindrical shape. The grave contained the burned bones of one or two people. One group consisted of more robust human bones, while the second group was more delicate., Jaromír Kovárník., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This work summarizes the results of the excavation at Pˇríbor – „Pod Šibeˇnákem“ Lusatian burial ground. This site is so far the largest known cremation burial ground of Lusatian culture in north-eastern Moravia. The first excavations conducted by local amateur archaeologists in the 1970s and 1980s uncovered approximately ten graves. During construction activities in 2009, an archaeological rescue excavation was conducted. Eighty-nine extensively damaged burials were uncovered. They contained ceramics as well as other grave goods (bronze and iron artefacts, glass beads). On this basis, the uncovered burials can be dated to the RHA1–RHC2 periods and the burial ground was used most intensively during the RHB3–RHC1/HC2 stages of Reineck periodization. The discovered archaeological data, as well as the results of specialized scientific analyses, allow some basic conclusions regarding the character of the local settlement during the transitional period between the Silesian and Platˇenice phases of Lusatian culture., Pavel Stabrava., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article discusses an animal sculpture pendant, probably representing a deer, made from a tin-lead alloy, found in a waste layer at the bottom of a Medieval mill race. This item is unusual for the Czech Republic, although numerous similar items are known from Western Europe., Lenka Macháňová, Martin Hložek, Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The study is dealing with the question of how hilltop locations in the southern periphery of the Przeworsk culture were colonised at the end of the Roman Period and the beginning of the Migration Period. It is focused in detail on two hilltop sites, which are situated in the region of Osoblaha and Vidnava in the foothills of the Jeseníky Mts. The choice of location and character of finds correspond to some extent to another contemporary situation known from the Polish Jurassic Highland and especially from the area occupied by the Carpathian group of the Przeworsk culture in the Polish Beskids and in North Slovakia. In the first half of the 5th century the southern part of the territory of the Przeworsk culture became an area of interest to the powerful Hunnic Empire, as confirmed by the finds of Hunnic or so-called equestrian nomadic character. and Obsahuje seznam literatury