« Previous |
1 - 10 of 14
|
Next »
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
2. Characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endemic Chapman's ringlet, Erebia palarica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Vila, Marta, Latasa, Tomás, Pino , Juan J. , and Verhulst, Georges
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Erebia palarica, Erebia meolans, microsatellites, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, and Satyrinae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the butterfly Erebia palarica (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), endemic to NW Spain. Polymorphism for 20 individuals from a NW Spanish population (Ancares) and 15 more from two other nearby localities (Courel, Trevinca) was assessed. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 24. Ancares showed an average number of alleles per locus of 14.30 (SD = 5.32), observed heterozygosity of 0.753 (SD = 0.14) and unbiased expected heterozygosity of 0.818 (SD = 0.114). Genotypic frequencies conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at Ancares, and there was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium. Multilocus genotypes resulting from this set of markers will be useful for determining genetic diversity and differentiation within and among populations of this local endemic butterfly in NW Spain. Of the six loci amplified in the closely related species, Erebia meolans, five were polymorphic.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Climate-induced changes in the phenotypic plasticity of the Heath Fritillary, Melitaea athalia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Juhász, Edit, Végvári, Zsolt, Tóth, János P., Pecsenye, Katalin, and Zoltán Varga
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, babočkovití, morfologie (biologie), butterflies, Nymphalidae, morphology (biology), Panonská pánev, Pannonian Basin, Lepidoptera, Melitaea athalia, Procrustes anova, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently a large number of studies have reported an increase in the variability in the climate, which affects behavioural and physiological adaptations in a broad range of organisms. Specifically, insects may be especially sensitive to climatic fluctuations, as their physiology and life history traits, like those of other ectotherms, are predominantly affected by environmental factors. Here we aimed to investigate climate-induced changes in several morphometric measures of the Heath Fritillary in North-Eastern Hungary, which is a highly diverse transitional area. During this study we tested the following hypotheses: (i) climate affects genitalia and body size to various degrees (ii) increasing variability in climate induces higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and variance in all morphological characters. To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyse simultaneously wing size and structure of genitalia of a butterfly in response to variability in climate. Our findings suggest that wing and genital traits may exhibit similar degrees of stability in response to a more variable climate, although the response in terms of forewing size differs from that of other body measurements and the structure of the genitalia. These findings suggest that global climate change may affect lepidopteran body metrics over longer periods of time. Our findings parallel the results of investigations showing that insect morphology might be modified by environmental changes, which is especially the case for those body parts that are phenotypically very variable. However, we found no evidence that increasing variability in climate would induce higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and greater variability in morphological characters., Edit Juhász, Zsolt Végvári, János P. Tóth, Katalin Pecsenye, Zoltán Varga., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Demography of adults of the Marsh fritillary butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Czech Republic: Patterns across sites and seasons
- Creator:
- Kamil Zimmermann, Blažková, Pavla, Čížek, Oldřich, Frič, Zdeněk, Hůla, Vladimír, Kepka, Pavel, Novotný, David, Slámová, Irena, and Martin Konvička
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Česko, Czechia, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Euphydryas aurinia, Marsh fritillary, butterfly conservation, demography, density dependence, grasslands, local dynamics, metapopulation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has declined across Europe, including the Czech Republic. Current conservation strategies rely on prevention of habitat loss and degradation, and increase in habitat quality and connectivity via promoting traditional grassland management. The population structure and adult demography parameters of a single population was investigated for eight years (single system), and of all the known Czech populations (multiple populations) for a single year, using mark-recapture. There was substantial variation in the patterns of adult demography, both among years in the single system and among the multiple populations in a single year. In the single system, the date of the first flight of an adult varied by 18 days over the 8 years and total annual numbers varied with a coefficient of variation of 0.40 (females fluctuating more than males). The average density was ca 80 adults/ha. The population size displayed density-dependence, i.e. decreased following years with high adult numbers, with an equilibrium density of 90 individuals/ha. The average density of the multiple populations was ca 120 individuals/ha. The estimated total population for the Czech Republic was 25,000 individuals (17,000 males / 8,000 females) in 2007, which does not indicate an imminent threat of extinction. The regional persistence of E. aurinia is likely to depend on re-colonisation of temporarily vacant sites by dispersing individuals, facilitated by local shifts in adult flight phenology to that better adapted to local conditions. and Kamil Zimmermann, Pavla Blazkova, Oldrich Cizek, Zdenek Fric, Vladimir Hula, Pavel Kepka, David Novotny, Irena Slamova, Martin Konvicka.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Development of novel microsatellite markers for a specialist species of Lepidoptera, Boloria aquilonaris (Nymphalidae), based on 454 sequences
- Creator:
- Vandewoestijne, Sofie, Turlure, Camille, and Baguette, Michel
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, microsatellite, pyrosequencing, cross-amplification, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microsatellites are the most common markers used in population and conservation genetic studies. However, their isolation is laborious and expensive. In some taxa, such as Lepidoptera, it is particularly difficult to isolate microsatellite markers due to the high similarity of the flanking regions of different loci and the presence of null alleles. Here we isolated microsatellites of the endangered butterfly Boloria aquilonaris using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyro-sequences of biotin enriched DNA libraries and tested the success of cross-amplification on the sister-species B. eunomia. Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated in B. aquilonaris using initially 101 stringently designed primer pairs. Unlike in many other studies of microsatellite isolation in Lepidoptera, few null alleles were detected and only at very low frequencies. Additionally, the raw data set can still be used for the isolation of other microsatellite loci. None of the selected polymorphic loci for B. aquilonaris gave clear banding patterns for B. eunomia, although about 15 other loci gave promising banding patterns for the latter species. Low intra- and inter-specific transferability of developed markers in this study also lends support to the hypothesis that the evolution of the genome of Lepidoptera is dissimilar from that of other organisms., Sofie Vandewoestijne, Camille Turlure, Michel Baguette., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Discovery of a remarkable new species of Lymanopoda (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and considerations of its phylogenetic position: An integrative taxonomic approach
- Creator:
- Pyrcz, Tomasz W, Prieto, Carlos, Boyer, Pierre, and Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, babočkovití, okáči, fylogeneze, biodiverzita, butterflies, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, phylogeny, biodiversity, Kolumbie, Colombia, Lepidoptera, Lymanopoda, systematics, new species, DNA barcodes, páramo, Andes, Valle del Cauca, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new species of Lymanopoda Westwood, a cloud forest Neotropical genus of Satyrinae, is described from the páramo grasslands on an isolated, peripheral massif in the Colombian Central Cordillera of the Andes: L. flammigera Pyrcz, Prieto & Boyer, sp. n. The genus Lymanopoda is species-rich (approx. 65 species) and its alpha taxonomy is relatively well researched. Relationships within the genus using molecular data have also been explored. The new species is outstanding for its golden yellow colour in males, not found in any other neotropical Satyrinae. Cladograms were constructed based on COI sequences of 47 species of Lymanopoda (~ 70% of the known species) including 17 from Colombia. The new species segregates in the "tolima" clade, which comprises four other high altitude Colombian species, as well as two from Ecuador. However, it is the comparative analysis of male genitalia, in particular the superuncus and valvae, which identified its closest relatives, thus confirming that genital characters can help refine molecular phylogenies. In addition to identifying species using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA barcodes), nucleotide sites with unique fixed states used to identify nine species of Lymanopoda from Colombia are also presented., Tomasz W. Pyrcz, Carlos Prieto, Pierre Boyer, Jadwiga Lorenc-Brudecka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Parasitism and migration in southern Palaearctic populations of the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Stefanescu, Constanti, R. R. (Richard Robinson) Askew, Corbera, Jordi, and Shaw, Mark R.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, population dynamics, seasonal migration, enemy-free space, primary parasitoids, Cotesia vanessae, secondary parasitoids, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- he painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) is well known for its seasonal long-distance migrations and for its dramatic population fluctuations between years. Although parasitism has occasionally been noted as an important mortality factor for this butterfly, no comprehensive study has quantified and compared its parasitoid complexes in different geographical areas or seasons. In 2009, a year when this butterfly was extraordinarily abundant in the western Palaearctic, we assessed the spatial and temporal variation in larval parasitism in central Morocco (late winter and autumn) and north-east Spain (spring and late summer). The primary parasitoids in the complexes comprised a few relatively specialized koinobionts that are a regular and important mortality factor in the host populations. However, there was a strong seasonal variation in the level of parasitism. In Spain percentage parasitism was more than four times higher in late summer than in spring (77.3% vs. 18%), while in Morocco it was five times higher by the end of winter than in the autumn (66.2% vs. 13.2%). In both regions the build up of parasitoid populations occurred after V. cardui had bred in the same general area over successive generations, and this may represent a selective force favouring seasonal migration to enemy-free space., Constanti Stefanescu ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Phylogenetic relatedness of Erebia medusa and E. epipsodea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) confirmed
- Creator:
- Šemeláková, Martina, Peter Pristaš, and Panigaj, Lubomír
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Erebia medusa, E. epipsodea, mtDNA, COI, ND1, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The extensive genus Erebia is divided into several groups of species according to phylogenetic relatedness. The species Erebia medusa was assigned to the medusa group and E. epipsodea to the alberganus group. A detailed study of the morphology of their copulatory organs indicated that these species are closely related and based on this E. epipsodea was transferred to the medusa group. Phylogenetic analyses of the gene sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) confirm that E. medusa and E. epipsodea are closely related. A possible scenario is that the North American species, E. episodea, evolved after exclusion/isolation from E. medusa, whose current centre of distribution is in Europe., Martina Šemeláková, Peter Pristaš, Lubomír Panigaj., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Quantitative response to photoperiod and weak coupling between seasonal morphs and diapause regulation in the Asian comma butterfly, Polygonia c-aureum (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Hiroyoshi, Satoshi , Takeda, Makio , Mitsunaga, Takayuki , and Reddy, Gadi V.P.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Polygonia c-aureum, diapause induction, photoperiodism, ovary, reproduction, and seasonal form
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Reproduction and wing patterns (shape and colouration) in Polygonia c-aureum L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are regulated by both photoperiod and temperature experienced during the immature stages, which result in the development of summer or autumn forms. The critical day length for this seasonal change in form was 13.5L : 10.5D at 21°C and 13L : 11D at 25°C. We investigated the connection between seasonal form and female reproduction. Under a 15L : 9D photoperiod at 21°C, reproductively active summer form butterflies are produced, whereas under an 8L : 16D photoperiod at 21°C autumn form butterflies with a strong tendency to enter diapause were produced. On the other hand, under the critical day lengths at 21 or 25°C, autumn form butterflies developed with a weak tendency to enter diapause. When the adult butterflies were transferred from a critical or a short photoperiod to a long photoperiod shortly after emergence, the former were more likely to terminate diapause than the latter. If individuals are reared throughout their entire life cycle under a short photoperiod at 21°C, all the adults have a strong tendency to enter diapause. These results reveal the quantitative effects of photoperiod on diapause in this butterfly and strongly indicate that the determination of the autumn form and induction and maintenance of diapause are not rigidly coupled, at least under laboratory conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Speed or sperm: A potential trade-off between development and reproduction in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Lewis, Zenobia, Brakefield, Paul M., and Wedell, Nina
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Bicyclus anynana, reproduction, trade-off, development, and polymorphic sperm
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Life-history theory predicts trade-offs between resources invested in reproduction and other fitness-related traits. To date, most studies have focused on potential reproductive trade-offs in females. However, it is now generally accepted that reproduction is also costly for males, and thus males too may be subject to trade-offs. We examined the relationship between development time and the production of both fertile and non-fertile sperm in males of the African bush brown butterfly (Bicyclus anynana) selected for short or long pre-adult development time. Fast developing males ejaculated fewer non-fertile sperm on their first mating, suggesting that there could be a trade-off between ejaculate production and development time in this species. Contrary to predictions, slow developing males were smaller, produced fewer fertile sperm and took longer to mate. We discuss why this might be the case, and suggest that there may be a cost to the production of non-fertile sperm in the Lepidoptera.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public