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2. AnguilUcola crassus and A. globiceps (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) parasitic in the swimbladder of eels (Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla) in East Asia: a review
- Creator:
- Nagasawa, K., Kim, Y.-G., and Hirose, H.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Anguillicola crassus, Anguillicola globiceps, Anguilla japonica, Anguilla anguilla, eels, and V
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This review compiles information on the taxonomy, identification, geographical distribution, life cycles, host ranges, occurrence, development and growth in both intermediate and final hosts, pathogenicity, and control measures of AnguilUcola crassus and A. globiceps, swimbladder nematodes of farmed and wild populations of two species of eels, Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla, in East Asia. Anguillicola crassus is distributed in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China, while A. globiceps is reported only in Japan and China. These nematodes use cyclopoid copepods as intermediate hosts. Known intermediate hosts are Eucyclops serrulatus (Japan) and Therirwcyclops hyalinus (Korea) for A. crassus, and Mesocyclops leuckarti, T. hyalinus, T. taihokuensis, E. serrulatus, Acanthocyclops viridis, and Cyclops slrenuus (China) for A. globiceps. Anguillicola crassus shows a seasonal occurrence in T. hyalinus with high prevalence in summer, Paratenic hosts are yet unknown in East Asia. Anguillicola crassus is relatively common in farmed and wild populations of Anguilla japonica in East Asia, but A. globiceps is usually found in wild populations of A. japonica in Japan and China. In culture ponds, A. crassus is more prevalent and abundant in A. anguilla than in A. japonica. Although A. globiceps induces only the thickening of the host’s swimbladder wall, A. crassus gives severe pathological effects in A. anguilla and heavy infection leads to host mortality. Prevalence of A. crassus in A. japonica cultured in Japan and Korea is relatively low in winter, whereas prevalence of A. globiceps in wild populations of A. japonica from Japan is high in winter.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Bacillary band ultrastructure of the fish parasite Capillaria pterophylli (Nematoda: Capillariidae)
- Creator:
- Žďárská, Zdeňka and Nebesářová, Jana
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, ultrastructure, bacillary band, and Capillaria pterophylli
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In Capillaria pterophylli Heinze, 1933, two lateral bacillary bands extend along the whole body in female and male worms. A ventral bacillary band is present in females only. The bacillary bands consist of glandular and non-glandular cells, and in the region between the nerve ring and the end of the sticliosome, ciliated sense receptors in tight connection with gland cells are present.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Description of Skrjabinodon alcaraziensis sp. n, (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), a parasite of Algyroides marchi (Sauria: Lacertidae)
- Creator:
- Lafuente, M. and Roca, V.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Skrjabinodon, Lacertidae, Algyroides, and Spain
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Skrjabinodon alcaraziensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) is described from the cloaca of Algyroides marchi Vaiverde, 1958 (Sauria: Lacertidae) from the Alcaraz Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula). This nematode is characterized by the presence of an unpaired postcloacal papilla in the males, the presence of cuticular spines in the tail of the female and the absence of polar plugs in the eggs.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. Development of Procamallanus saccobranchi (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of a freshwater fish in India
- Creator:
- De, Nimai C. and Maity, Rabindra N.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, development, Mesocyclops, Copepoda, Heteropneustes, fish, and Procamallanus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The development of the nematode Procamallanus saccobranchi Karve, 1952, a parasite in the stomach of the fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), was studied in Mesocyclops crassus (Fischer) and Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus). After being ingested by the copepods the nematode first-stage larvae penetrated into the haemocoel of the intermediate host; there they moulted twice (on days 3 and 5 p.i. at 28-30°C) attaining the third, infective stage. The definitive host H. fossilis acquired infection by feeding on copepods harbouring infcclivc-stage larvae; in the stomach of this definitive host, the larvae were observed to undergo two more moults. The third moult occurred on day 13 p.i. and the fourth moult on day 38 p.i. and day 66 p.i. in “male” and “female” larvae, respectively. The larval stages, including the moulting forms are described and illustrated.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Experimental observations on the development of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in its definitive host, Anguilla anguilla (Pisces)
- Creator:
- Moravec, F., Di Cave, D., Orecchia, P., and Paggi, L.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Anguillicola, eel, development, and definitive host
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The development of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974 in the definitive host (eels) was studied under experimental conditions. Small eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.) with body length 8-16 cm were infected by feeding them intermediate host copepods (Cyclops strenuus Fischer) harbouring third-stage larvae of this parasite. These experiments showed that, at 20-22° C, the development from the third-to the fourth-stage larvae lasted approximately three weeks, but some retarding third-stage larvae occurred in the wall of the host’s swimbladder or hyperparasitizing in the cuticle of adult nematodes as late as three months p.i. Young adults developed in the lumen of the swimbladder within approximately one month and noneinbryonated eggs first appeared in females 6-7 weeks p.i. The prepatent period was about three months and the patent period could be estimated to last no more than a month. Females degenerated soon after oviposition. The experiments confirmed that the size of mature A. crassus depends on the body size of its definitive host (eel).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. First record of the genus Syncuaria (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in Argentina, with description of a new species
- Creator:
- Digiaiii, Maria Celina
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Syncuariaplegadisi, Syncuaria diacantha, Nematoda, Acuariidae, Threskiomithidae, Argentina, and host specificity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The nematode genus Syncuaria Gilbert, 1927 (Acuariidae) is reported for the first time from Argentina with two species parasitic in Threskiomithidae. Syncuaria plegadisi sp. n. from the white-faced ibis, Ptegadis chihi (Vieillot), is described and figured. The new species differs from known species of Syncuaria by the following characters: absence of lateral alae; cephalic cordons narrow, consisting of cuticular plates dorsally and ventrally invaginated forming a groove; presence of cephalic spines; spicules with simple, rounded distal ends; left spicule two to three times longer than right one; female tail dorsally bent and distance between vulva and anus comparable to tail length. Syncuaria diacantha Petter, 1961, a common parasite of the roseate spoonbill, Plalalea ajaja L., is reported for the first time from Argentina and briefly described. SEM micrographs for both species are provided. Both S. plegadisi sp. n. and S. diacantha were found to co-oeeur in the same locality, but not on the same host, suggesting a high degree of host specificity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8. Histopathology of the stomach lesion caused by Physaloptera brevivaginata (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) in bats in Spain
- Creator:
- Botella, P. and Esteban, J. G.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Physaloptera brevivaginata, pathology, stomach, bats, and Spain
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Physaloptera brevivaginata has been found parasitising the stomach of two species of bats of the family Vesperti-lionidae, Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii, in Spain. A comparative study of the prevalences and mean intensities of parasitism by this physalopterid revealed no statistically significant differences between the two hosts. Likewise, no relationship was found between parasite intensity and host body weight. The histopathological study of the stomach lesion revealed destruction of the mucosa, with degeneration of the gastric glands, loss of the muscularis mucosae and focal necrosis at the points where the cephalic extremities of both sexes of this nematode attach to the mucosa. The present paper is the first study of gastric pathology caused by an adult physalopterid in bats.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9. Larval development of Onchocamallanus bagarii (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in copepods
- Creator:
- De, Nimai C. and Maity, Rabindra N.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Onchocamallanus, Copepoda, Mesocyclops, and development
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Larval development of the nematode Onchocamallanus bagarii (Karve et Naik, 1951), recovered from the intestine of the fish Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton) was studied under laboratory conditions. The cyclopoid copepods Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) and M. crassus (Fischer) were infected with first-stage larvae from female uteri and maintained at temperatures 29-30°C. After being swallowed by the copepods, first-stage larvae burrow through the intestinal wall and reach the haemocoel of the copepods and there they grow and moult twice to attain the third and infective-stage. First-stage larvae become ensheathed after 65 hours of infection and second-stage larvae first appeared on day 3 post infection (p.i.). The second moult occurred on day 5 p.i. The larval stages occurring during development are described.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
10. Modes of entry of the first-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) into pulmonate snails Arianta arbustorum and Helix pomatia
- Creator:
- Řezáč, P., Palkovič, L., Holasová, E., and Bušta, J.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Pulmonata, Elaphostrongylus, life cycle, larvae, and host
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Experimental infection of the pulmonate snails Arianta arbustorum L. and Helix pomatia L. with first-stage larvae of protostrongylid nematode Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron, 1931 was performed in order to determine modes of larval entry into the body of the snail intermediate host. Groups by four individuals of both snail species were examined histologically 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the beginning of exposure and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days post infection. All 64 snails examined were found to be successfully infected. The superficial furrows of the sole were recognized as the most important site of larval entry into the snail organism. Larval penetration was observed to be accompanied by destruction of the superficial epithelium. The number of larvae found in the subepithelial connective tissue of the headfoot was significantly higher than that found in other tissues and organs. Larval counts in individual parts of the body of snails examined from 0 to 7 days p.i. did not fluctuate significantly. The present results indicate that only those protostrongylid larvae which actively penetrated the superficial epithelium of the snail sole play an important role in the life cycle.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
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