The paper examines the non/reception of gender equality as a legitimate topic of science policy in the Czech Republic. Despite much criticism from experts and research that shows that there are major problems with gender equality, state oicials and institutions remain resistant to the issue. he policies of inactivity are studied from the perspective of a constructivist policy analysis. he aim of the paper is to show how discursive practices of institutions and understandings of the issue constitute gender equality as something that is completely on the periphery of or even outside science itself. hus, logically, gender equality is pushed outside the remit of science policies. If gender equality is thematised at all, it is reduced to the issue of women in science. Such an understanding of gender equality signiicantly narrows down the space in which concrete political measures can be made, and determines which activities are acceptable and which are not., Hana Tenglerová., Poznámky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglický abstrakt a klíčová slova
The aim of this article is to fill in the gap in research focusing on the problem of the political participation of women in the Czech Republic. Based on text and interview analysis, it explains the role of women activists in Czech parliamentary parties in endorsing women for election to representative bodies. The article begins by describing the associations formed by women party activists and their position within the party structure, and then looks at the role of these associations in supporting women’s access to political structures. It also describes how women party activists take into account the barriers to women’s political participation and possible ways of removing these restraints. The final part introduces the hypothesis that although the creation of these associations seems to be a positive step towards improving women chances of gaining access to representative bodies, in their present form and circumstances they have no power to achieve any significant improvement in the status quo., Veronika Šprincová., tabulka, and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article presents the contemporary feminist stream of new materialism, and compares and contracts it with the linguistic branch of poststructuralism which has been criticized by new materialism for neglecting matter. The paper first discusses points of departure these two streams share, specifically, a critique of Western metaphysics, and in particular the fundamental interrogation of dualities and the idea of a stable inner essence in Western thought. Consequently, the article shortly introduces the starting points of new materialism and presents Judith Butler’s ideas on matter which are pivotal for the comparison that follows. The comparison of the two streams concentrates on the following issues: ontology, power, the abject, difference, subject and embodiment. The article stresses strong and weak points of both the streams and presents them as complementary rather than contradictory approaches., Hana Porkertová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Zájem o tělo jako psychologický fenomén narůstá. Vnímání vlastního těla a spokojenost s ním jsou, jak vyplývá z řady výzkumných zjištění, významným faktorem sebepojetí a sebehodnocení. Diskrepance mezi reálným a ideálním tělem může vést např. k patologickým stravovacím návykům nebo excesivnímu cvičení, taktéž byla prokázána souvislost s depresí. První část předkládané studie shrnuje dosavadní výzkumné poznatky v oblasti faktorů individuálních, sociokulturních a faktorů souvisejících s rodinnými vztahy, které se podílejí na vzniku nespokojenosti s tělem. Především jsou diskutovány výsledky výzkumů zaměřených na psychologické a osobnostní faktory, roli genderu, přijetí genderové role, vliv vrstevníků a médií a vliv rodiny, který významně ovlivňuje vznik a výskyt nespokojenosti s tělem u adolescentů. Druhá část studie je zaměřena na souvislost mezi nespokojeností s tělem a výskytem depresivní symptomatologie v adolescenci. Je zmíněna teorie zesílení genderové socializace, Hankinovy konceptuální modely zahrnující stresory jako příčinu rozdílů v depresivitě mezi adolescentními dívkami a chlapci - mediační model (mediational – stress exposure model) a moderační model reakce na zátěžové situace (moderational – stress reactivity model), koncepci Nolen-Hoeksema a Girguse a význam citového pouta mezi rodiči a dětmi jako významného „nárazníku“ umožňujícího pozitivní percepci a hodnocení vlastního těla. and An interest of body as a psychological phenomenon is growing. Body perception and body satisfaction is one of important factors of self-conception and self-esteem. A discrepancy between the real and ideal body can cause pathological eating patterns, excessive exercises or even depression. The first part of the study summarizes some of the existing knowledge regarding individual, socio-cultural, and family related factors contributing on body image dissatisfaction. Especially, the results dealing with psychological factors, personality factors, the role of gender, gender role identification, the influence of peers, media, and family are discussed. The second part of the study focuses on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Gender intensification theory, Hankin’s conceptual models involving stressors as an explanation for the sex difference in depression: the mediational – stress exposure model and moderational – stress reactivity model, the conception of Nolen-Hoeksama and Girgus, and the magnitude of the emotional bond between parents and kids as an important buffer enabling the positive perception of body are mentioned.
The paper presents an analysis of Deepa Mehta’s film trilogy (Water, Fire, Earth) through the concept of a border identity. The Protagonists of Deepa Mehta’s Film Trilogy may serve as examples of border identities or identities “in-between” (cf. Homi Bhabha). The “in -betweeness” is illustrated through the lens of various categories and their intersections – especially those of gender, sexuality, social status, religion (religious community) and tradition/individual freedom in general. For all the films, overstepping traditional taboos is typical, be it the mythological taboos, those of collective communal identities, traditional gender roles and stereotypes or compulsory heteronormativity. Within these frameworks, the dominance of the power discourses and the (in)visibility of the marginalized ones is thematized. While the main characters of the three film stories are female, they (in some cases) only seemingly play a leading role and the real acting heroes are the men. The most obvious example is the story of the Earth where the moral conflict takes place between the two male heroes. The author also notices the figuring of the females as mostly victims of the social order and male violence. However, this critical remark is not articulated to question the real aspect of the discrimination, but rather to point to the risks of a simplified picture of victimization of women which have been, in the context of Asian studies, analyzed by Chandra Talpade Mohanty and other postcolonial theorists., Blanka Knotková-Čapková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Czech government is obliged to guarantee equality for men and women. Despite that, it recognizes this duty only in theory; in practice it contravenes the principles of this formal agreement. The government’s programme, politics, legislation, and state budget and governmental structures are marked by a lack of gender equity and the failure to promote women’s rights. The hidden structural mechanisms causing gender discrimination can be analyzed by means of a gender audit of the government. This is an effective tool for defining the most critical areas of state politics, and it creates a relevant strategy for challenging negative effects. In doing so, a gender audit of the government can also be a rich source of public education and can help to promote public and political discussion on the topic of gender issues. In this article, the author argues in favour of carrying out a gender audit of the Czech government and its politics. She explains how certain areas of politics affect men and women differently, and how their gender correct transformation can positively contribute to democratic and just governance., Tereza Handlová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Based on qualitative research of women that cared in the past or care now for their frail elderly mothers, this article aims to describe and explain some of the factors leading to the predominance of women in informal care for the elderly. The article builds on Sandra Harding’s and Joan W. Scott’s concept of gender. Their concept defines gender as a category operating at multiple interconnected levels. Based on the analysis of interviews with biographical components, we show the impact of cultural and structural factors on women’s decisions to take care, and how these factors are gender structured. Among cultural factors we focus on the process of socialization; we analyse the effect of gender norms of care and the issue of cultural taboos in intimate care. Among structural factors we focus on paid work, the gender division of labour in the family and non/availability of formal care services. On the basis of caregivers’ stories we show how these factors coherently and simultaneously strengthen the connection between women and providing hands-on care. We also identify emerging disruptions in this gender-conservative model of informal care., Radka Dudová, Romana Volejníčková., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu