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32. Laboratory rearing of Sycanus annulicornis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on two species of prey: Differences in its biology and efficiency as a predator of the nettle caterpillar pest Setothosea asigna (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)

Creator:
Sahid, Abdul, Natawigena, Wahyu D, Hersanti, and Sudarjat
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
polokřídlí, zákeřnicovití, motýli, Hemiptera, Reduviidae, butterflies, Sycanus annulicornis, Lepidoptera, Limacodidae, Setothosea asigna, laboratory rearing, Crocidolomia pavonana, Tenebrio molitor, different prey diets, biological parameters, predatory ability, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Setothosea asigna van Eecke is a dominant defoliator pest in oil palm plantations. To control this pest, a generalist predatory bug, Sycanus annulicornis Dohrn, was used as it is easy to rear on several different species of prey. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different prey on the biology and the ability of S. annulicornis to attack and kill the nettle caterpillar pest S. asigna. Based on laboratory rearing, the larvae of Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a suitable prey for both the growth and development of S. annulicornis, as its nymphal development is shorter (74.0 ± 7.3 days) and adult longevity longer (81.0 ± 9.0 days for male and 64.8 ± 12.4 days for female, respectively) than when reared on the larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (44.0 ± 16.7 days for male and 52.6 ± 14.4 days for female). However, S. annulicornis reared on T. molitor larvae attacked 2.0-2.2 larvae of S. asigna per day, which is more than the 1.6-1.7 larvae per day of those reared on C. pavonana, which indicates that the larvae of T. molitor are a more effective diet for rearing S. annulicornis as biocontrol agent for the S. asigna., Abdul Sahid, Wahyu D. Natawigena, Hersanti, Sudarjat., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

33. Maladaptive host choice by an alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has the potential to limit its invasiveness

Creator:
Walczak, Urszula, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Żytkowiak, Roma, Karolewski, Piotr, and Baraniak, Edward
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
motýli, vzpřímenkovití, butterflies, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera, Phyllonorycter leucographella, invasive species, alien leaf miner, host selection, specific leaf area, infestation rate, insect development, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Alien phytophagous insects are often introduced along with their host plants, creating opportunities for troublesome invasions. Yet, not all of them are able to successfully colonize novel host plants. In this study, we investigated host selection by the alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Zeller, 1850) on both its original host and novel host plants in the insect's alien range. We predicted that this insect's percentage infestation of the original host would be positively related to its specific leaf area (SLA), because high-SLA leaves are nutritious and have thin cuticles, traits related to high offspring developmental success. We further hypothesized that this host selection process would apply in the selection of novel host plants. Our results show that this leaf miner selects leaves of its original host plant, Pyracantha coccinea, according to their SLA values. The SLA value was also positively related to the probability of P. leucographella infesting and successfully developing on novel host plants. The selection of high-SLA plants by the moth leads to a high developmental success on novel host plants in the first (summer) generation, but it is likely to be maladaptive in the second (overwintering) generation, because in temperate Europe, high SLA values are associated with deciduous plants that shed their leaves in autumn. It is likely that the apparent maladaptive selection of novel host plants by P. leucographella reduces the invasiveness of this pest by preventing its establishment on native plants., Urszula Walczak, Michał Bogdziewicz, Roma Żytkowiak, Piotr Karolewski, Edward Baraniak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

34. Molecular cloning and functional analyses of an adhesion molecule, neuroglian, in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Creator:
Yokoi, Kakeru, Kato, Yoshiaki, Suzuki, Masahiro, and Miura, Ken
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
motýli, můrovití, butterflies, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Mythimna separata, neuroglian, hemocyte adhesion, encapsulation, in situ hybridization, real-time quantitative reverse transcript PCR, RNA interference, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Insect cellular immune reaction, which generally includes phagocytosis, encapsulation and nodule formation, is achieved by hemocytes circulating in insect haemolymph. The shift of hemocytes from the normal phase to the adhering phase is an important process in the cellular immune reaction, which includes the attachment of hemocytes to foreign surfaces or other hemocytes via adhesion factors. Neuroglian is one of the adhering factors associated with encapsulation in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. Here we studied the localization of neuroglian (MsNrg) in Mythimna separata and its functional role in the cellular immune reaction. The distribution of MsNrg mRNA between hemocyte populations was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization, which revealed that MsNrg was highly expressed in adhering hemocytes, especially in plasmatocytes. Unexpectedly, the transcript was observed as well in non-adhering hemocytes, implying neuroglian has a function in non-adhering hemocytes. Moreover, we showed that the amount of MsNrg mRNA was not changed by injections of either biotic or abiotic non-selves. Fewer latex beads were fully encapsulated by hemocytes in larvae treated with MsNrg double-stranded RNA than in control larvae, but their ability to achieve phagocytosis and nodule formation remained unchanged by the MsNrg knockdown. These results indicate that the function of neuroglian in the cellular immune reaction is conserved in D. melanogaster and lepidopteran species, and neuroglian in non-adhering hemocytes could possess unidentified function., Kakeru Yokoi, Yoshiaki Kato, Masahiro Suzuki, Ken Miura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

36. Motýlové: soustavný popis motýlů v zemích koruny české žijících, jakož i housenek a kukel jejich, s připojeným návodem, kdy a kde chytati motýle, sbírati kukly, housenky a vajíčka a kterak upravovati je pro sbírky

Creator:
Exler, Karel
Publisher:
I. L. Kober
Format:
print, text, regular print, and 208 s. : 20 barev. obr. tab. ; 8°
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
59, 2, motýli, housenky, kukly, and Zoologie
Language:
Czech
Description:
pro učitelstvo, žactvo středních škol a zvláště sběratele motýlů napsal Karel Exler, S 25 rytinami a 20 tab. obsah. 289 obrazů motýlů a housenek dle přírody vyobrazených, and Converted from MODS to DC version 1.8 (EE patch 2018/05/24)
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

37. Neobyčejná společenstva motýlů na rašeliništích Třeboňska: přežívání reliktních populací

Creator:
Josef Jaroš and Karel Spitzer
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, rašeliniště, Třeboň (Česko : oblast), 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Boreal peatlands of the Třeboň Basin (South Bohemia) contain many distinctive taxa of Lepidoptera, including tyrphobionts and tyrphophiles. These ancient peatlands are oligotrophic and acidic, and form habitat islands – relict ecosystems related to subarctic/ boreal biomes. They host isolated populations of cold-adapted Lepidoptera, some of them associated with common bo - real plants. For instance, larvae of several relict boreal and subarctic moths (e.g. Eupi - thecia gelidata) feed exclusively on the lo - cal Marsh Labrador Tea (Ledum palustre). and Josef Jaroš, Karel Spitzer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

38. Northern geometrid forest pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatch at lower temperatures than their southern conspecifics: Implications of climate change

Creator:
Fält-Nardmann, Julia, Klemola, Tero, Roth, Mechthild, Ruohomäki, Kai, and Saikkonen, Kari
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, píďalkovití, klimatické změny, líhnutí, fenologie, butterflies, Geometridae, climate changes, hatching, phenology, Evropa severní, Europe, Northern, Lepidoptera, Epirrita autumnata, Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera brumata, photoperiod, synchrony, temperature sum, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Climate change may facilitate shifts in the ranges and the spread of insect pests, but a warming climate may also affect herbivorous insects adversely if it disrupts the locally adapted synchrony between the phenology of insects and that of their host plant. The ability of a pest species to colonize new areas depends on its ability to adjust the timing of phenological events in its life cycle, particularly at high latitudes where there is marked seasonality in temperature and day length. Here we incubated eggs of three species of geometrid moth, Epirrita autumnata, Operophtera brumata and Erannis defoliaria from different geographical populations (E. autumnata and O. brumata from Northern Finland, E. autumnata and E. defoliaria from Southern Finland and all three species from Germany) in a climate chamber at a constant temperature to determine the relative importance of geographic origin in the timing of egg hatch measured in terms of cumulative temperature sums (degree days above 5°C, DD5); i.e. the relative importance of local adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity in the timing of egg hatch. In all three species, eggs from northern populations required a significantly lower temperature sum for hatching than eggs from southern populations, but the differences between them in temperature sum requirements varied considerably among species, with the differences being largest for the earliest hatching and northernmost species, E. autumnata, and smallest for the southern, late-hatching E. defoliaria. In addition, the difference in hatch timing between the E. autumnata eggs from Southern Finland and Germany was many times greater than the difference between the two Finnish populations of E. autumnata, despite the fact that the geographical distances between these populations is similar. We discuss how these differences in hatching time may be explained by the differences in hatch-budburst synchrony and its importance for different moth species and populations. We also briefly reflect on the significance of photoperiod, which is not affected by climate change. It is a controller that works parallel or in addition to temperature sum both for egg hatch in moths and bud burst of their host plants., Julia Fält-Nardmann, Tero Klemola, Mechthild Roth, Kai Ruohomäki, Kari Saikkonen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

39. Optické mřížky na motýlích křídlech

Creator:
Jiří Křížek
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, hmyz, motýli, babočkovití, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Microscope images of scales from the wings of the male butterfly Apatura ilia of two forms (ilia and clytie) show parallel fibres with tiny transverse grooves. These can cause (due to the light interference) violet or blue iridescence on the wings, which normally have brown pigmentation. We examined the dependence of the sudden color changes on variable illumination and observation angles. and George O. Krizek a kol.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

40. Opuštěné vojenské prostory jako významná refugia motýlí fauny

Creator:
Vrba, Pavel
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, fauna, motýli, vojenské výcvikové prostory, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Abandoned military training ranges are important biodiversity refuges in the modern landscape. We surveyed 41 such areas across the Czech Republic in order to establish butterfly diversity and abundances. We found exceptionally high species richness, including many nationally-threatened rarities like Phengaris arion, Polyommatus dorylas and Zygaena punctum. We conclude that the high conservational value of these areas was maintained by the former army activities, which encouraged high habitat heterogeneity. and Pavel Vrba a kol.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public