Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein with wide range of functions. To further explore its possible regulatory role in energy homeostasis and in adipose tissue, we measured plasma clusterin and its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of 15 healthy lean women, 15 obese women (OB) and 15 obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent a 2-week very low-calorie diet (VLCD), 10 obese women without T2DM who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 8 patients with T2DM, 8 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 8 normoglycemic patients who underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC). VLCD decreased plasma clusterin in OB but not in T2DM patients while LSG and HEC had no effect. Clusterin mRNA expression in SCAT at baseline was increased in OB and T2DM patients compared with controls. Clusterin mRNA expression decreased 6 months after LSG and remained decreased 12 months after LSG. mRNA expression of clusterin was elevated at the end of HE C compared with baseline only in normoglycemic but not in IGT or T2DM patients. In summary, our data suggest a possible local regulatory role for clusterin in the adipose tissue rather than its systemic involvement in the regulation of energy homeostasis., J. Kloučková, Z. Lacinová, P. Kaválková, P. Trachta, M. Kasalický, D. Haluzíková, M. Mráz, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-4) concentrations are linked to human obesity and other features of metabolic syndrome. Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) develop numerous features of metabolic syndrome due to chronic cortisol excess. Here we tested the hypothesis that chronically increased cortisol levels in CS patients may alter circulating levels of FABP-4. Fourteen patients with CS, 19 patients with simple obesity (OB) and 36 healthy control subjects (C) were included in the study. Serum FABP-4 concentrations were significantly higher in both CS and OB patients relati ve to C group, but they did not differ between CS and OB groups. In a combined population of all groups, serum FABP-4 levels correlated positively with BMI, body fat content, serum glucose, triglycerides, HbA1c and HOMA index and were inversely relate d to HDL-cholesterol, resting energy expenditure and freeT3 levels. We conclude that FABP-4 levels are significantly increased in both patients with simple obesity and obese patients with Cushing's syndrome. We suggest that increased FABP-4 concentrations in CS patients are rather due to their excessive fat accumulation and related metabolic abnormalities than due to a direct effect of cortisol on FABP-4 production., V. Ďurovcová, J. Marek, V. Hána, M. Matoulek, V. Zikán, D. Haluzíková, P. Kaválková, Z. Lacinová, M. Kršek, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The objective of this study was to measure plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 and 19 (FGF21 and FGF19) levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and to compare it with those of lean control subjects (C) and patients with obesity (OB). Fourteen untreated patients with CS, 19 patients with OB and 36 controls were included in the study. Plasma FGF21 and FGF19 levels were measured by ELISA kits, other hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured by standard laboratory methods. Plasma FGF19 did not significantly differ among the studied groups. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly higher in both CS and OB groups relative to C group but they did not differ between CS and OB groups. In a combined population of all three groups FGF21 levels positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference and percentage of total and truncal fat mass. Less prominent inverse relationship with these parameters was found for FGF19. Neither FGF21 nor FGF19 were significantly related to cortisol concentrations. Increased FGF21 concentrations in both patients with CS and OB relative to lean subjects suggest that excessive body fat and/or related metabolic abnormalities rather than direct effects of cortisol are responsible. In contrast neither obesity nor hypercortisolism significantly affected FGF19 concentrations., V. Ďurovcová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Obestatin is a recently discovered peptide produced in the stomach, which was originally described to suppress food intake and decrease body weight in experimental animals. We investigated fasting plasma obestatin levels in normal weight, obese and anorectic women and associations of plasma obestatin levels with anthropometric and hormonal parameters. Hormonal (obestatin, ghrelin, leptin, insulin) and anthropometric parameters and body composition were examined in 15 normal weight, 21 obese and 15 anorectic women. Fasting obestatin levels were significantly lower in obese than in normal weight and anorectic women, whereas ghrelin to obestatin ratio was increased in anorectic women. Compared to leptin, only minor differences in plasma obestatin levels were observed in women who greatly differed in the amount of fat stores. However, a negative correlation of fasting obestatin level with body fat indexes might suggest a certain role of obestatin in the regulation of energy homeostasis. A significant relationship between plasma obestatin and ghrelin levels, independent of anthropometric parameters, supports simultaneous secretion of both hormones from the common precursor. Lower plasma obestatin levels in obese women compared to normal weight and anorectic women as well as increased ghrelin to obestatin ratio in anorectic women might play a role in body weight regulation in these pathologies., H. Zamrazilová, V. Hainer, D. Sedláčková, H. Papežová, M. Kunešová, F. Bellisle, M. Hill, J. Nedvídková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The article represents an overview of the development of Czech health promotion in the last two decades. Current “state of art” and health promotion in international context are mapped. Major behavioral risk factors are described and analybesity in comparison to EU countries. Their impact on the Czech population health is discussed in terms of relevant diseases. The authors conclude that a great risk for future development of health in the Czech Republic is a lack of health promotion institutional infrastructure that would enable development of needed and effective health promotion programmes., PhDr. Helena Hnilicová, Ph.D., Mgr. Karolína Dobiášová, and Literatura
The aim was to find the differences in ketogenesis initiation in the early period after the exercise in obese patients and to find if these changes may predict the weig ht loss during the physical activity program. 96 females were enrolled. A clamped heart rate test (CHR) was performed to establish comparable exercise intensity. Blood samples for beta hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) assessment were collected prior, immediately after and 60 min after the test. Patients underwent a three month fitness program. Anthropometric measurements (fat mass and biochemical parameters) were measured. An energy intake was monitored and comparable in all subjects. A significant increase of BOHB was found in 60 th minute after the test, when compared with initiation levels (BOHB1 vs. BOHB3; p=0.03). This increase correlates with % fat mass (R=0.196; p=0.02) and negatively with age (R= –0.147; p=0.05) and with weight reduction during the three-month program (R= -0.299; p=0.03). Serum BOHB increase after the single exercise may detect individuals with an ability to induce lipolysis in three-month program of physical activity for obese patients., M. Matoulek, S. Svobododova, R. Vetrovska, Z. Stranska, S. Svačina., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V přehledu jsou popisovány aerobní fyzickou aktivitou indukované změny lipidů. Tyto výsledky srovnáváme se skupinou 25 netrénovaných dobrovolníků, kteří docházeli po dobu 3 měsíců do rekondičního centra 1. LF UK. Byl prokázán signifikantní pokles nejen triglyceridů a HDL-cholesterolu, ale i aterosklerotického indexu. Nezaznamenali jsme signifikantní změny LDL-cholesterolu a celkového cholesterolu. Aerobní fyzickou aktivitou lze docílit změny lipidogramu v našich podmínkách i u osob s vysokou hmotností. Na indikaci pravidelné fyzické aktivity obézních by nemělo být v praxi zapomínáno., Zuzana Stránská, M. Matoulek, P. Fábin, and Lit. 22
Tento článek pojednává o problému cetérů nedaří zastavit. Přitom důsledky obezity jsou značné: zhoršování zdravotního stavu a ekonomické ztráty. V poslední 40 letech došlo ke znatelnému pokroku ve vývoji teoretických poznatků o obezitě. Významným posunem je to, že obezita začala být nahlížena jako komplexní a dynamický problém, který je výsledkem působení mnoha faktorů, z nichž mnohé byly a stále jsou opomíjeny (zejména socioenvironmentální faktory) a přetrvává zažitý biomedicínský přístup, který neřeší problém jako celek a nepřináší tak žádné zlepšení. Je tedy nutné, aby tvůrci politik začaly tyto nové poznatky reflektovat, aby došlo k revizi dosavadních postupů řešení problému obezity a aby byl problém řešen systémově, tj. cestou víceúrovňové a víceoborové spolupráce se zapojením širokého okruhu aktérů i ze strany soukromého a občanského sektoru., This article deals with a problem of worldwide obesity epidemic, whose growing trend over considerable endeavour of many participants goes badly to a stop. Withal consequences of obesity are considerable: worsening of health and economic waste. In last 40 years it has come to a considerable progress in the development of theoretical knowledge in obesity. There is a significant shift: the obesity has begun to be regarded as a complex dynamic problem, which results from the coincidence of many factors, from which many of them have been neglected (especially socio-environmental factors), and there still persists the biomedical approach, which does not solve the problem as a whole and therefore brings no improvement. It is necessary, that the policy makers begin to reflect these new knowledge, that the present practices of solving the problem of obesity is being revised, and that the problem is being solved en route of systems- oriented multilevel and multi-sector cooperation with involvement of wide range of actors also from the private and civil sector., Kristýna Přibylová, and Literatura
Výzkum se dnes široce zabývá tématem společného výskytu kardiovaskulárních onemocnění a deprese. Zvažuje různé aspekty, mezi nimiž je i pátrání po tom, zda existuje příčinná souvislost mezi depresí a kardiovaskulárními onemocněními nebo zda má deprese vliv na horší rekonvalescenci pacientů po infarktu myokardu a na vyšší výskyt komplikací. Deprese je spojována s výskytem komorbidit, jako je metabolický syndrom nebo diabetes mellitus. Určitou roli může hrát také horší funkce autonomního nervového systému nebo nezdravý životní styl. Deprese se vyskytuje u pacientů po infarktu myokardu ve větší míře než u normální populace a je považována za rizikový faktor, který zhoršuje prognózu pacienta. Proto je důležité se zaměřit na skríning deprese a případně i anxiety u těchto pacientů, tyto u nich včas odhalit a zajistit optimální léčbu., Researchers currently focus on a wide range of aspects associated with coincidence of cardiovascular diseases and depression. These include a search for a possible causal link between depression and coexisting cardiovascular disorder as well as the association between depression and poorer recovery after myocardial infarction or higher complication rate. Major depression is connected with comorbidities such as the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Impaired autonomous nerve system function and unhealthy lifestyle can also play their role. Depression is more frequent in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and is considered a major risk factor of poorer prognosis. It is undoubtedly important to screen this patient group for both depression and anxiety so that appropriate treatment can be initiated if needed. Key words: myocardial infarction – major depression – coronary artery disease The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and N. Hudáková, P. Kala, M. Šebo, L. Ustohal, T. Kašpárek, J. Kaňovský