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257133. Důvěra nadevše: diskuse k metodologii hodnocení výzkumu

Creator:
Svoboda, Luděk
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Knowledge, Research, Education (2. : Praha, Česko) 2011 :, konference, financování, výzkum a vývoj, conferences, financing, research and development, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
The National Technical Library in cooperation with the Czech Technical University and Instutute of Chemical Technology in Prague cosponsored the international conference Knowledge, Research and Education on September 8-9, 2011. Research metrics was the topic of this meeting. Organizers sought to draw attention to the often controversial mechanisms for evaluating the results of research and their subsequent impact on its continued financing and institutional support. The conference brought together university dignitaries, senior members of the faculties, library staff and representatives of the publishing industry for the purpose of facilitating discussion of research trends and policies that inform their respective fields of interest shared by all. One of the key lectures was given by the co-Director of CERGE-EI Štěpán Jurajda. He reviewed currend evidence of the productivity of Czech science (by field) based on bibliometric data, pointed to typical mistakes made in recent evaluation exercises and analyses, illustrated these by using examples typically drawn from social sciences, and offered a few tentative bibliometric facts. and Luděk Svoboda.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

257136. Důvěryhodnost justice: nad rozsudky ve věci odvolání vrchního státního zástupce

Creator:
Malenovský, Radek
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
důvěryhodnost justice, vnější zdání řádného chodu spravedlnosti, objektivně odůvodněná obava o nestrannost, odvolání vrchního státního zástupce, confidence in justice, justice must be seen to be done, fear of impartiality objectively justified, and removal of the superior procurator
Language:
Czech
Description:
Existence nestrannosti je určena na základě subjektivního testu, to jest na základě osobního přesvědčení konkrétního člena justice v dané věci, a také na základě objektivního testu, spočívajícího ve zjištění, zda byly poskytnuty záruky dostatečné pro vyloučení jakékoli důvodné pochybnosti v tomto ohledu. Pokud jde o objektivní test, je třeba určit, zda existují ověřitelné skutečnosti, které by mohly vzbudit pochybnosti, pokud jde o jejich nestrannost. Rozhodné je, zda tato obava může být považována za objektivně odůvodněnou.V tomto ohledu má určitý význam i to, jak daný případ působí, neboli „nestačí jen, aby bylo spravedlnosti učiněno za dost, musí jí být viditelně učiněno za dost“. V sázce je totiž důvěra, kterou justice v demokratické společnosti musí ve veřejnosti vzbuzovat. Nejde pouze o to prokázat, zda k ovlivňování nebo nátlaku na člena justice došlo, či nikoliv, ale že je důležité, aby byla nestrannost patrná navenek. Státní zástupci jsou státní zaměstnanci, jejichž úkolem je přispívat k řádnému výkonu spravedlnosti. V tomto smyslu tvoří součást soudního systému. Je v obecném zájmu, aby též požívali veřejné důvěry. Tento text kriticky zkoumá naplnění uvedených principů, tedy hledisek důvěryhodnosti justice, v tzv. kauze Rampula, včetně v rozsudcích správních soudů (i Nejvyššího správního soudu) ve věci odvolání Vrchního státního zástupce v Praze. and The existence of impartiality is determined according to a subjective test, that is, on the basis of the personal conviction of a particular member of justice in a given case, and also according to an objective test, that is, ascertaining whether are offered guarantees sufficient to exclude any legitimate doubt in this respect. As to the objective test, it must be determined whether there are ascertainable facts which may raise doubts as to their impartiality.What is decisive is whether this fear can be held to be objectively justified. In this respect even appearances may be of a certain importance or, in other words, “justice must not only be done, it must also be seen to be done”.What is at stake is the confidence which the judicial power in a democratic society must inspire in the public. What is at stake is not actual proof of influence or pressure on member of justice but the importance of the appearance of impartiality. The Public prosecutors are civil servants whose task it is to contribute to the proper administration of justice. In this respect they form part of the judicial machinery in the broader sense of this term. It is in the general interest that they should enjoy public confidence. This text critically analyzes if the principe of confidence in justice was in the Rampula’s case realised. In this respect this article deals with the judgments of the administratives courts (including the Supreme Administrative Court) in the case of the removal of the superior procurator.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

257137. Důvěryhodnost politiků jako sociolingvistický fenomén

Creator:
Jan Chromý and Dufek, Ondřej
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, trust, trustworthiness, sociolinguistics, indirect questioning, matched-guise technique, politics, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article is divided into three main parts. In the first part, an overview of scholarly views on trust/trustworthiness is provided. The second part is concerned with the issue of how the politicians’ trustworthiness is measured by contemporary research agencies. In the third part, the experiment on politicians’ trustworthiness utilizing a new method is reported. This method is based on indirect questioning and it builds on the hypothesis that the more trustworthy a politician is, the more people will agree with his statements and consider them seriously. Four parallel questionnaires were employed. The first questionnaire (N=53) contained 10 short fictitious quotations and subjects were asked to rate them according to their solidness, acceptability, and positivity, and they were asked to say to what extentdid they agree with them. Five of these quotations were used in the next three questionnaires (N=48;47;42) and the names of five Czech politicians (K. Schwarzenberg, A. Vondra, R. John, V. Filip and B. Sobotka) were attached to them. No name was attached to the same quotation twice. Respondents were divided into four independent groups and each group responded to one questionnaire. The independent two-sample t-test was used for the comparison of the ratings and 20 statistically significant results were obtained. This means the method could be one of the keys for a better future understanding of such a complex notion as is the trustworthiness of politicians is., Jan Chromý, Ondřej Dufek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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