The article aims to introduce and explore the concept of „transculturation". Unlike the affiliated concept of „acculturation", capitalized widely in anthropology, sociology and other branches of social Sciences, the concept of transculturation had until recently commanded little attention outside the limited area of Latin American studies. The concept, originally formulated in the 1940s by Cuban sociologist Fernando Ortiz, accentuates the mutual character of cultural interaction, the active participation of „subordinate" groups in the process, as well as the unique character of the resulting cultural formation. That is,
the processes of enforced cultural exchange (for example, through colonial expansion) are preceived as not only destructive, but also Creative. While the concept of transculturation had commonly been applied within the frame of American or African history and anthropology, the present article proposes the advantages and possibilities of its use in the study of (Central) European millieu - be it in the study of German-Jewish-Czech interaction in the nineteenth century, or in the study of Protestant-Catholic cultural exchange after the year 1620.
Newtonova latinská formulace prvního zákona pohybu je od prvního překladu Principií (A. Mott 1729) až po současnost interpretována ve smyslu zákona setrvačnosti rovnoměrného přímočarého pohybu. Newton však svou formulací prvního zákona ve spojení s komentářem k ní vyjádřil zákon setrvačnosti rovnoměrného pohybu i rotačního. Je to dokázáno na základě Newtonových rukopisů a údajů v Príncípiích. Je navrženo odpovídající správné znění prvního zákona ve fyzikální literatuře a v učebnicích. Těleso setrvává ve svém stavu klidu nebo rovnoměrného pohybu [postupného, rotačního] v daném směru, pokud není působícími silami nuceno tento stav měnit., Newton‘s latin enunciation of the First law of motion is interpreted beginning with the first translation of the Principia till nowadays, in the sense of the law of the uniform rectilinear motion. Newton expressed, however, by his enunciation of the First law in connection with the commentary to it also the law of inertia of the unifom rotatory motion. This is proved on the basis of Newton's manuscripts and of the data given in the Principia. Corresponding correct wording of the First law is proposed to be used in the physical literature and in the textbooks., Martin Černohorský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Toto speciální vydání Časopisu zdravotnického práva a bioetiky je číslem mono-tematickým, které se zaměřuje na problematiku translidí, pohlavní identity a právního diskursu v této oblasti. Poukazuje na problémy, se kterými se translidé v praktickém životě setkávají. and This special issue of Journal of Medical Law and Bioethics is mono-thematic and focuses on transgender issues, sexual identity and legal discourse in this area. It highlights the problems transgender people meet in real life.
This paper deals with an effect of a chemical processing and an exposure time to the diffraction efficiency and the signal/noise ratio of diffraction gratings made on silver-halide emulsions Agfa Gevaert. The results of measurements on gratings treated by 14 different chemical processes are presented. and Práce se zabývá vlivem chemického zpracování a osvitu na difrakční účinnost a poměr šumu k signálu u difrakčních mřížek zhotovených do halogeno-stříbrných emulzí Agfa Gevaert. Jsou zde zpracovány výsledky měření na mřížkách zpracovaných 14 různými chemickými procesy.
Transnationalism and diaspora are concepts that are often intertwined but nonetheless differ. This article examines the link between transnationalism and integration processes among return migrants from the Armenian diaspora and examines the role social networks play in integration in Armenia. Returnees to Armenia can be divided into those who have returned from the Armenian diaspora (second and subsequent generations of migrants) and those who emigrated from Armenia and decided to return. This is reflected in the literature as a distinction between the 'old' and the 'new' Armenian diaspora, the latter having emerged in the 1990s. Before returning, both groups maintained ties with people in Armenia and may differ only by the extent and frequency of use of these ties. These ties can then accompany them when they return to Armenia and help them to (re-)integrate. The integration of returnees has its own specifics, compared to the integration of migrants, and may not be as simple as it might seem. This article focuses on the transnational ties of 23 migrants of Armenian descent who returned to Armenia after a long time abroad and draws on original research on return migration in Armenia conducted in 2016 and 2018. Semi-structured interviews with returnees revealed that their participation in the labour market is instrumental to their integration into mainstream society, and their work may involve transnational activities. The article shows the different opportunities that weak and strong ties provide returnees and that may facilitate their integration. Weak ties on a local level are crucial for returnees to be able to reintegrate and fully participate in life in Armenia. The article aims to understand the return strategy as one of the migration options that may or may not be permanent. A return may be followed by re-migration, under certain conditions and if obstacles to sustainable reintegration, and the article also explores the motivations for re-migration.
This article deals with Ukrainian student migration and the convergence of integration and transnationalism. Its main focus is the self-identification of young Ukrainians studying in the Czech Republic. The authors explore and describe international students' different integration and transnational dispositions and also discuss whether these dispositions could be seen as part of antagonistic or synergetic processes. The interconnection between transnationalism and integration is widely discussed in both sociological and anthropological literature, and most scholars identify them as synergetic processes. In the case of Ukrainian students in the Czech Republic, however, the authors argue that these processes can be understood as both synergetic and antagonistic because what matters is the students' self-identification. Most of the analysis presented in this article is based on in-depth interviews with Ukrainian students conducted between 2012 and 2019. The results of qualitative research are also compared to and discussed in relation to the findings from an on-line survey conducted among 258 Ukrainian students in 2018. The article suggests that Ukrainian students themselves could incline in both directions, towards an antagonistic and a synergetic understanding of integration and transnationalism, because it depends on their self-expressed dispositions. However, most participants most of the participants in the research express the synergy.
The article is a reflection on the neoliberal knowledge economy, the traffic in antiracist feminist theory, and the way my work has been read (lost or found in translation) and has crossed geopolitical and racial/cultural borders. It comments as well on the development of my intellectual project in relation to my location in the US academy and the intellectual and political communities that have made the work possible. The larger frame I seek to examine using responses to my work in three sites – Sweden, Mexico, and Palestine – is the way feminist, postcolonial, and antiracist theory emerges from a particular geopolitical, intellectual space; the way it enacts crossings; and the way it is trafficked, consumed, and understood in different geographies. Given the global and domestic shifts in social movements and transnational feminist scholarly projects over the past three decades, my major concern pertains to the depoliticization of antiracist feminist/women-of-color/transnational feminist intellectual projects in neoliberal, national-security-driven geopolitical landscapes.