The category of aspect is more abstract than actio verbi. They both form functional-semantic category of aspectuality as its central part. The primary stimulus of aspect formation is connected with the basic function of verbal aspect - to multiply the temporal-modal forms in aspect pairs. It is conjugation type of primary forms that is relevant for distribution of imperfectivization processes and forms. Primary forms are more frequent than secondary forms within aspect correlations. Aspect pairs represent 87 % of aspect correlations (1:1), nevertheless, there are also asymmetrical relations (1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Secondary imperfectives variants are influenced by grammatical, morphonological, diachronic and extralingual factors. Slovak National Corpus (SNK) serves as basis for the evidence of co-variants, co-existence of forms and ending of form which lost its function. This dynamics is reflected in the tension between codification, represented by lexicons, and language practice, represented by SNK. The important indicator of variants existence is represented by participles.
Cieľ.V posledných rokoch sa na Slovensku rozvíja výskum rečovej ontogenézy u detí s normálnym aj narušeným vývinom reči, no porozumenie viet bolo zatiaľ skúmané len okrajovo. Cieľom štúdie je zmapovať porozumenie viet u slovensky hovoriacich intaktných detí vo veku od 6 do 10 rokov. Výskumný súbor a metóda. Vo výskume sa analyzuje porozumenie viet u 160 slovensky hovoriacich detí v mladšom školskom veku rozdelených po 40 do štyroch vekových kategórií. Autorky použili pri vyšetrovaní detí vlastný test a metódu priraďovania obrázka k počutej vete. Deti vyberali z dvoch obrázkov, na ktorých bola znázornená rovnaká činnosť, no na ktorých si účastníci deja vymieňali svoje roly. Hypotézy. Sledoval sa vplyv rôznych lingvistických faktorov, ako sú syntaktická štruktúra vety, dĺžka vety, prítomnosť morfologického kľúča na začiatku vety či poradie sémantických rolí. Výsledky. Výsledky ukazujú, že spracovávanie niektorých lingvistických faktorov dosahuje takmer stropové výkony už u najmladších detí. Na druhej strane pri iných faktoroch (napr. neprítomnosť morfologického kľúča v prvom podstatnom mene vo vete, nekanonické poradie sémantických rolí) s vekom detí narastá priemerný výkon. Na základe týchto výsledkov možno identifikovať „ťažšie“ lingvistické faktory vo vývine porozumenia ešte aj v mladšom školskom veku., Objectives. In the recent years in Slovakia, a research of the speech ontogenesis in typically developing children and children with language impairment begins the sentence comprehension so far, however, has been studied rarely. The aim of this study is to map the sentence comprehension in typically developing Slovak-speaking children at the age from 6 to 10 years. Sample and setting. The sentence comprehension is analysed in 160 Slovak-speaking children at the younger school age which were divided into four age categories, with 40 subjects in each category. The authors used for the assessment of children their own test and the method of picture-matching task to a heard sentence. Children chose one of two pictures in which the same activity was depicted with changed semantic roles of the main actors. Hypotheses. The influence of various linguistic factors such as the syntactic complexity, the length of the sentence, the presence of a morphological cue at the beginning of the sentence or the order of semantic roles was followed. Results. The results show that the processing of some linguistic factors is at the ceiling already in the youngest children. On the other hand, the average performance accrues with the increasing age of the children (for example, the absence of a morphological cue in the first noun of the sentence, the non-canonical order of semantic roles). On the ground of these results, it is possible to identify “the more difficult” linguistic factors in the development of comprehension still at the younger school age., Jana Marková, Marína Mikulajová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury